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disks, the so-called dry-disk joints (hardy disks) especially in lorry (Truck) manufacture. For lorries (trucks) with a long wheel base, the universal shaft is frequently subdivided. Its front part is supported in the frame and in line with the transmission: its rear part is designed as an oscillating universal, shaft in dry-disks or universal joints. The rear end of the universal shaft is connected with the drive shaft of the rear-axle drive (rear-axle step-up gearing) by a universal or dry-disk joint.
GLOSSARY
Rear-wheel drive –привод на задние колеса, передача на ведущие колеса
Chassis – шасси
Propeller shaft – карданный вал
Rear axel – задняя ось
Casing = case – кожух, корпус, картер Rear axel casing – картер заднего моста
Flexibility – приспособляемость, гибкость, эластичность
Universal-joint shaft – карданный вал
Universal-joint – универсальный шарнир, карданный шарнир с крестовиной
Sleeve – 1) гильза, втулка 2) трубка 3) муфта 4) гулок (полуоси) Grease – смазка
Tasks
1. Translate the following words and word combinations into Russian: most, vehicle, wheel, chassis, universal, transmission, to vibrate, metal, rubber,
fabric disks, lorry manufacture, front, line, dry, rear, drive, propeller (shaft), cardan shaft, universal joint, special, rubber-vulcanized, dry disk, wet disk, oscillating, base, wheel base, axel (axle), upward, downward, movement, motion, housing.
2.Make list of irregular verbs.
3.White down all the adverbs you find in the text.
4.Put a word from the list into each gap.
The flexibility, required, isn’t, made, placed, what, are, shaft, where, is, end
1)What is .........in most vehicles?
2)It is flexibility connected,....... it?
3)....... of this shaft is achieved by the cardan of universal shaft?
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4)Universal joints are ........ of metal?
5)Where are universal joints.............. ?
6)Instead of ................ is it possible to use rubber-vulcanized fabric disks?
7)What ...........rubber-vulcanized disks called?
8)The universal............is frequently subdivided.
9)…..... is its front part supported?
10)The rear ..........of the universal shaft is connected with the drive shaft.
5. Choose the correct sentence. One sentence is correct. Which one?
1.a) A propeller shaft is required in most vehicles.
b)A propeller shaft required in most vehicles.
2.a) It is flexibly connect to permit the upward and downward movement of the rear axle casing.
b)It is flexibly connected to permit the upward and downward
movement of the rear axel casing.
3.a) The flexibility of the shaft achieves by the cardan of universal joint.
b)The flexibility of the shaft is achieved by the cardan of universal joint.
4.a) Universal joints makes of metal are placed in sleeves.
b)Universal joints made of metal are placed in sleeves.
5.a) Instead of the universal joint possible to use rubber-vulcanized fabric disks.
b)Instead of the universal joint it is possible to use rubber-vulcanized
fabric disks.
6.a) The rear end of the universal shaft connecting with the drive shaft. b) The rear end of the universal shaft is connected with the drive shaft.
6.Make a list of key words.
7.Make a plan of the text.
8.Give a name to each passage of the text.
9.Compare the text with your ideas in "Pre-reading activity”.
10.Compose a short summary of the text using the useful phrases:
The heading of the text is...
The text dwells upon.
The text goes on to say that... Besides In addition it should be said that...
In conclusion it should be mentioned that...
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Unit X
Wheels and tyres
The wheel is composed of wheel hub, wheel body and rim. A principal difference is made between traveling wheel and driving wheels. While the traveling wheels are not arranged on the axle shaft, the driving wheels are firmly attached to the axle shaft by key-ways and keys. The detachable wheel body is bolted to the wheel hub or attached by means of a special mounting hub.
The tyre assembly comprises the tyre and the tube with valve. Tubeless tyres are frequently used. They are convenient for the motorist. Depending on the air pressure in the tube, a difference is made between high-pressure tyres and lowpressure tyres.
The wear of the tyres is influenced by the driving speed and by overloading of the vehicle. In case of a 25-per cent overload, the tyre service life is reduced to 65 per cent.
The tread pattern has an essential influence on the driving properties and readability. The tread patterns are designed to meet the particular requirements of the vehicles. Highly worn tyres increase the hazards of skidding and, especially on wet roads, lead to side-slipping and don’t provide reliable braking.
Good care of the tyres is decisive for their long service life.
GLOSSARY
wheel hub – ступица колеса;
rim – обод, реборда, бандаж (обода); traveling wheels – ходовые колеса; driving wheels – ведущие колеса;
key-ways – шпоночные колеса, шпоночный паз, гнездо под шпонку; key здесь – n. шпонка, гека; v. сажать на шпонку, заклинивать; detachable wheelbody – съемочное колесо;
tread pattern – рисунок протектора.
Tasks
1. Make a list of the unknown words.
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2.Read the text and guess the meaning of the following words and word combinations:
wheel, wheel body, difference, traveling wheel, driving wheel, axle, axle shaft, keys, to bolt, tyre, motorist, air pressure, tube, high-pressure tyres, low-pressure tyres, speed, to design, vehicle, increase, wet roads.
3.Answer the questions by choosing the correct noun.
1.What can be traveling? (hub, motor, engine, wheel)
2.What can be detachable? (body, speed, vehicle, wheel body)
3.What can be principal? (traveling, axle, difference)
4.Find answers to the following questions:
1.What is the wheel composed of?
2.What part is the detachable wheel body bolted to?
3.What does the tyre comprise?
4.What is the difference between high-pressure tyres and low-pressure tyres?
5.What is the wear of the tyres influenced by?
6.What increases the hazards of skidding especially on wet roads?
5. Here are the answers to the questions. Write the questions (depending
on the answers, put general or special questions). |
|
Answers |
Questions |
1.A principle difference is made between travelling wheel and driving wheel.
2.By keyways and keys.
3.The detachable wheel body is.
4.The tyre and the tube with the valve.
5.The tyre service life is reduced to 65 percent.
6.The tread patterns are.
7.By the driving speed.
6. Reproduce the sentences from these prompts.
1.The wheels is ... of . . . , . . . , . . . .
2.The tyre ... comprises .., ..., and ... .
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3.The wear of tyres is ... by the ... and by ... the vehicle.
4.Highly worn ... are ... to meet the particular requirements on the. .
5.Good ... of the ... is ... for their service.
7. Fill in the gaps with correct verb tense.
1.The wheel ... composed of wheel hub, wheel body, and rim (is, are, was,
were).
2.The tyre assembly ... the tyre, the tube with valve and the shafting strips (to comprise).
3.The wear of the tyres ... by the driving speed and by overloading the vehicle (to influence).
4.The tread pattern ... an essential influence on the driving properties (have, has, had, has been).
5.Worn tyres ... the hazards of skidding on wet roads. (to increase).
6.Good care of the tyres ... decisive for their service life (is, are, was).
8. Here are sentences about wheels and tyres. Are they true or false? Correct the false sentences.
An example:
The wheel is composed of only wheel hub.
No, it is not. The wheel is composed of wheel hub, wheel body and rim.
1.There is a difference between traveling wheel and driving wheel.
2.The driving wheels are attached to the body.
3.The tyre assembly comprises wheel hub, wheel body and rim.
4.A difference is made between high-pressure tyres and low-pressure tyres.
5.The wear of the tyres is influenced by the steering wheel.
6.The tread pattern has an essential influence on the body.
7.Good care of the tyres is decisive for their service life.
9.Find in the text Participles in the function of attribute.
10.Find verbs in Present Simple Active.
11.Find verbs in Present Simple Passive.
12.Find adverbs in the text. Pay attention to the position of the adverb.
13.Find adjectives in the text.