Материал: 45-1

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ББК 81.432.1

Милованова, И. В. Иностранный язык. Английский язык [Текст] : методические указания к практическим занятиям для студентов по направлениям подготовки 15.03.02 – Технологические машины и оборудование, 15.03.04 – Автоматизация технологических процессов и производств / И. В. Милованова, Ю. Ю. Киселева ; М-во образования и науки РФ, ФГБОУ ВО «ВГЛТУ». – Воронеж, 2017. – 51 с.

Печатается по решению учебно-методического совета ФГБОУ ВО «ВГЛТУ» (протокол № 4 от 12 мая 2017 г.)

Рецензент директор Центра коммуникативных исследований ФГБОУ ВО «ВГУ» д-р филол. наук, проф. И.А. Стернин

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Unit I

Technical construction of a motor car

There are numerous types of motorcars. It is impossible to describe their particular construction in detail. But the classification into groups with respect to their general construction may be undertaken. These are motorcars with carburetor engines and motorcars with diesel engines.

Every motorcar has the following components: engine, power train, chassis and

body.

ENGINE

The engine is the power plant of the vehicle. In general, internal-combustion engines are used operating with some fuel (petrol, benzol, diesel oil). Depending on their combustion process, the engines are fundamentally classified as carburetor engines and diesel engines.

Sometimes, the carburetor engines are called light-oil engines and the dieselengines are called heavy-oil engines.

Another difference results from the working method of the internal-combustion engine. A difference is made between four-stroke cycle engines and two-stroke cycle engines.

The engine is assembled of various cast pieces: its foundation and main stationary body is formed by the cylinder block with the top portion of the crankcase to which the cylinder heads and the bottom portion of the crankcase are bolted. The crankcase with its main bearings houses the crank-drive assembly, comprising the pistons, the wrist-pins, the connecting rods and the crankshaft. Besides, the valves, valve-operating mechanism with camshaft, control gears and valve tappets, ignition system, carburetor, water pump, fan, fuel feed pump and oil pump are parts of the engine.

Arrangement and number of cylinders in the engine are decisive for its external shape. There are motorcar engines with two, three, four, six, eight, twelve and more cylinders arranged in various forms to each other. In most cases they are arranged in one block (cylinder block).

Tasks

I. Read the text and find the answers to the questions:

1. Are there numerous types of motorcars?

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2.What kinds of engines do the motorcars have?

3.What components does every motorcar have?

4.What is the engine?

5.What kind of fuel do internal-combustion engines operate with?

6.What are the carburetor engines sometimes called?

7.What are the diesel engines called?

8.What are the main parts of the engine?

9.What can you say about the arrangement of the cylinders in the engine?

10.How many cylinders are there in the motorcar engine?

II. Write out the special terms while reading the text. III.Find out the verbs in present Simple Active.

IV. Find out the verbs in Present Simple Passive.

V. Find out the verbs denominating the arrangement of the engine. VI. Make a list of words describing the main parts of the engine. VII. Underline verbs in the first 2 passages.

VIII. Write out the modal verb in the first passage.

IX. Complete the following sentences:

1.It is impossible to describe ... .

2.These are motorcars with ... .

3.In general, internal-combustion engines are . .

4.Depending on their combustion process . .

5.Another difference results from ... .

6.A difference is made between . .

X. Remember the following phrases:

The title of the text is ... .

The text gives a detailed account of ... .

The text deals with ... .

It should be noted/said/mentioned/summarized ... .

Much attention is paid to ... .

The text carries information about ... .

XI. Compose a short summary of the text using these phrases.