Материал: 45-1

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3.Жѐсткая автоматизация широко используется в химической промышленности.

4.Станки с числовым программным управлением – хороший пример программируемой автоматизации.

5.Гибкая автоматизация делает возможным перепрограммирование оборудования.

6.Время простоя оборудования оборачивается большими убытками.

7.Использование гибкой автоматизации делает возможным производство разнообразной продукции.

III.Compose a plan of the text.

IV. Write down the key idea of each part.

V. Compose a summary using your plan.

Unit XIV

Mechanization and automation of sawmills

Sawmilling is one of the world’s oldest and most widespread manufacturing processes. Today sawmills are mechanizing and automating at an ever-increasing rate as new tools are adopted to solve the problems of increasing productivity and quality in the process of making lumber from logs.

Automation has grown so rapidly as an industrial force that many people are not quite sure what it is. A definition of automation that has been pretty well adopted by industry is: automation is the control of machines by other machines. For example, if two men are rolling logs onto the log deck and then onto the carriage, it is manual labour. Now suppose that these men are replaced with a deck chain, a log stop and loader, and a log turner, and only one man is used on the deck, where he pushes buttons to control the flow of logs to the carriage. This is mechanization. Finally if a machine is installed to control the deck chain log stop and loader, so that the logs move towards the carriage automatically, thereby replacing the man who pushed the buttons, it is automation.

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Mechanization and automation have been making some advances in the large sawmills since the time. Steam engines became available to replace water power. Excess steam was available for use in actuating cylinders for a variety of mechanical needs: to kick logs out of a delivery trough, to move the log carriage back and forth in front of the saw, to turn logs, etc. Now with the development of small air compressors and air cylinders even the smallest sawmills can use these devices. Hydraulic power and electric motors and controls open the door to mechanization and automation to any size sawmill.

Automation increases production. In most instances, when men are replaced by machines, not only the production per man goes up, but the total production of the plant increases. Where machines are used for the physical labour, the men who are placed in the control positions in the modern sawmill, i.e., sawyer, edgerman, trimmerman, can concentrate on making decisions based on their observations and judgement. Meanwhile, the machines do the actual handling and measurement – much more accurately and faster than a human being can.

Automation also provides for better, more uniform quality, dimensional quality is more uniform with automation because it depends on repetition, and repetition is something a man does not do well. Setting dimensions demand a man’s full attention, both mentally and physically. This is tiring, and the momentary inattentions lead to variations of thickness, width or length. But a machine, which is steel and electricity and compressed air, cannot be tired of repetition.

I. Answer the questions in a written form:

1.Why has automation grown so rapidly in different spheres of industry? Express your opinion.

2.What are the benefits of automation? Find all its advantages in the text.

II. Translate the following words and word combinations into Russian:

Sawmilling, log deck, carriage, deck chain, log stop, loader, log turner, log carriage, actuating cylinder, sawer, edgerman, trimmerman, handling, measurement, to install, to be available, to replace, to make advances, widespread process, rate, the production per man, observation, judgement, excess steam, repetition.

IV. Write out of the text 3 sentences in Active voice and three sentences in Passive voice. Make them negative and interrogative (put general and special questions to each sentence) in a written form.

V. Define the key ideas of each passage. VI. Compose a plan to the text.

VII. Write down a summary of the text.

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Библиографический список

Основная литература

1. Кузьменкова, Ю. Б. Английский язык [Текст] : учеб. / Ю. Б. Кузьменкова. – М. : Юрайт, 2014. – 441 с. + CD-диск. – Электронная версия в ЭБС «Юрайт».

Дополнительная литература

2.Коновалова, Т. В. Английский язык. Машины и оборудование лесного комплекса [Текст] : учеб. пособие / Т. В. Коновалова, Т. Н. Таранцева, Л. В. Зайцева. – Воронеж, 2010. – 72 с. – Электронная версия в ЭБС «ВГЛТУ».

3.Кравец, В. Е. Грамматика английского языка. Морфология [Текст] : грамм. справ. / В. Е. Кравец. – Воронеж, 2010. – 124 с. – Электронная версия в ЭБС «ВГЛТУ».

4.Кравец, В. Е. Грамматика английского языка. Синтаксис [Текст] : грамм. справ. / В. Е. Кравец. – Воронеж, 2010. – 80 с. – Электронная версия

вЭБС «ВГЛТУ».

5.Милованова, И. В. Английский язык [Электронный ресурс] :

методические указания для самостоятельной работы бакалавров / И. В. Милованова. – Воронеж, 2015. – ЭБС «ВГЛТУ».

6.Коновалова, Т. В. Английский язык. Транспорт, технологические машины и оборудование [Текст] : учеб. пособие : в 2 ч. Ч. 1 / Т. В. Коновалова, Т. Н. Таранцева, Л. В. Зайцева. – Воронеж, 2009. – 75 с. – Электронная версия в ЭБС «ВГЛТУ».

7.Коновалова, Т. В. Английский язык. Транспорт, технологические машины и оборудование [Текст] : учеб. пособие : в 2ч. Ч. 2 / Т. В. Коновалова, Т. Н. Таранцева, Л. В. Зайцева. – Воронеж, 2009. – 75 с. – Электронная версия в ЭБС «ВГЛТУ».

8.Мюллер, В. К. Англо-русский словарь [Текст] / В. К. Мюллер. –

М. : Локид-Пресс, 2003. – 687 с.

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Ирина Вячеславовна Милованова Юлия Юрьевна Киселева

ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

Методические указания к практическим занятиям для студентов по направлениям подготовки

15.03.02– Технологические машины и оборудование,

15.03.04– Автоматизация технологических процессов и производств