4.The problem is rather difficult. It's _____.
5.His job is quite challenging. It's _____.
6.The town is rather pleasant. It's _____.
Exercise 3. Вставьте артикли the, a, an там, где это необходимо. Выполните устный перевод.
1. My ... aunt and my ... uncle are ... doctors. They work at ... hospital. They get up at seven o'clock in ... morning. They go to ... bed at eleven o'clock. 2. I work in ... morning and in ... afternoon. I don't work in ... evening. I sleep at ... night. 3. When do you leave ... home for ... college? – I leave ... home at ... quarter past eight in ... morning. 4. What does your mother do after ... breakfast? — She goes to ... work. 5. Is there ... sofa in your ... living-room? – Yes, there is ... cosy little ... sofa in
... living-room. – Where is ... sofa? – It is in ... corner of ... room to ... left of ... door. I like to sit on this ... sofa in front of ...
TV-set in ... evening. 6. There is ... nice coffee-table near ... window. There are ... newspapers on ... coffee-table. 7. There is
... tea in ... glass. 8. When do you watch ... TV? – I watch TV in ... evening. We have ... large colour TV-set in our ... room.
There is ... beautiful vase on ... TV-set. There are ... flowers in ... vase. 9. I have ... large writing-desk in ... study. There is ...
paper on ... writing-desk. My ... books and ... exercise-books are on ... writing-desk, too.
Exercise 4. Вставьте артикли the, a, an там, где это необходимо.
1. Pete has ... small family. He has ... father and ... mother. He has no ... brother, but he has ... sister. His sister is ... pupil.
She is ... good girl. She has ... many Russian books, but she has no ... English books. 2. There is ... writing-desk in ... room. ...
writing-desk is good. There is ... lamp on ... writing desk. 3. My uncle has ... large family. They are six in ... family. 4. My father is ... engineer. He works at ... big factory. 5. We have ... good library. Our books are in ... big bookcase. 6. Is your sister
... married? 7. What do you do after ... breakfast? – I go to ... academy. 8. When do you come ... home? – I come ... home at...
half past two. 9. Do you like to watch TV in ... evening?
Exercise 5. Вставьте артикли the, a, an там, где это необходимо. Выполните устный перевод.
1. I am ... engineer. 2. My ... son is ... pupil. 3. He is ... good ... pupil. 4. This is ... house. 5. This is my ... pencil. 6. You have some ... pencils, but I have no ... pencil. Give me ... pencil, please. 7. I like your ... beautiful ... flower. Give me ... flower, please. 8. My ...mother is at ... home. She is reading ... interesting ... book. 9. My ... father is not at ... home. He is at ... work. He is ... doctor. He is ... good ... doctor. He works at ... hospital. ... hospital is large.
Exercise 6. Вставьте артикль the там, где это необходимо.
1. … English Channel is between ... Great Britain and ... France. 2. Trafalgar Square is the geographical centre of ... London.
3. We went to ... America last year, but we haven’t been to ... Philippines yet. 4. Where is ... John’s raincoat?
5. ... Pacific is the largest ocean on our planet. 6. Does ... Mark speak ... Spanish?
7. ... Neva flows through ... St. Petersburg.
8. Show me ... Canary Islands on this map, please. 9. Our family lives in ... Kedrovaya Street.
10.... Urals are old and not very high.
11.... Volga flows into ... Caspian Sea.
12.I’ve made up my mind to go to ... Black Sea next summer. 13.... Lake Baikal is the deepest one in the world.
14.Ann’s family lives in ... Semakova Street.
15.... Ivanovs visited … Bolshoi Theatre yesterday.
Exercise 7. Вставьте артикли the, a, an там, где это необходимо. Выполните устный перевод.
1.What ___ lovely day!
2.The man over there is collecting money for ___ injured.
3.How many stars are there in ___ sky?
4.I enjoy lying in ___ sun.
5.What ___ beautiful weather!
6.Mike is such ___ bore!
7.Would you like to travel round ___ world?
8.What ___ nice people the Browns are!
9.___ moon looks beautiful tonight.
Exercise 8. Вставьте артикли the, a, an там, где это необходимо.
–What ___ (1) beautiful day today! I'd like to go to ___ (2) beach.
–Yes, but ___ (3) beach is always being crowded! I'd like to stay at ___ (4) home and sit in ___ (5) garden. We can have ___
(6) lunch in ___ (7) garden. – But I'd like to go out. I'm going back to ___ (8) work tomorrow and this is ___ (9) last day of my holiday. – Well, we could go out tonight. There's ___ (10) good film on at ___ (11) cinema, or we could go to ___ (12) theatre.
–O.K. but ___ (13) theatre's too expensive. It's about $15 ___ (14) seat. – That's true. We may go to ___ (15) cinema then. Or we could stay here and watch ___ (16) television. – Oh, no. That's boring. I want to go to ___ (17) cinema. – And this afternoon? – You can stay here but I think I'll go to ___ (18) town. – Can you do ___ (19) shopping when you are in town? – Oh, all right.
Exercise 9. Вставьте артикли, где это необходимо.
1.I usually see Jane in ___ bus.
2.I can cycle 15 miles ___ hour.
3.What time do you usually have ___ lunch?
4.I don't see him very often, only once or twice ___ month.
5.I like to get up in ___ time to have ___ big breakfast before work.
6.He smokes about twenty cigarettes ___ day.
7.It’s a very good train service. The trains always run on ___ time.
8.Every now and then we meet at ___ lunchtime.
UNIT 4
Имя существительное
1. Большинство имен существительных образуют форму множественного числа путем прибавления окончания -s,
которое произносится как [z] после звонких согласных и [s] после глухих согласных:
table – tables |
coat – coats |
girl – girls |
duck – ducks |
2. Окончание -es во множественном числе добавляется к существительным в следующих случаях:
а) если существительное в единственном числе оканчивается на буквы -s, -ss, -x, -sh, -ch, -tch:
bus – buses |
dish – dishes |
|
class – classes |
match – matches |
|
fox – foxes |
bench – benches |
|
б) если существительное оканчивается в единственном числе на |
-y с предшествующим согласным, во |
|
множественном числе буква y меняется на i: |
|
|
a poppy – poppies |
a lady – ladies |
|
в) если существительное оканчивается в форме единственного числа на -о: a hero – heroes
Но: piano – pianos; photo – photos
3. Некоторые имена существительные образуют форму множественного числа вопреки общим правилам:
а) имена существительные, оканчивающиеся на -f(e), образуют множественное число путем прибавления окончания -(e)s, при этом буква f меняется на v:
half – halves |
life – lives |
wife – wives |
knife – knives |
Но: roof – roofs; chief – chiefs; handkerchief – handkerchiefs
б) множественное число следующих существительных образуется путем изменения гласной корня без добавления окончания:
man – men tooth – teeth mouse – mice goose – geese
woman – women foot – feet louse – lice
в) множественное число существительных child (ребенок) и ox (бык) образуется прибавлением окончания -en,
причем в слове child меняется также гласный основы [ai] – [i]: child – children, ox – oxen.
4. Некоторые существительные, заимствованные из латинского и греческого языков, сохраняют формы множественного числа, которые они имели в этих языках:
cactus – cacti |
analysis – analyses |
|
focus – foci |
diagnosis – diagnoses |
|
fungus – fungi |
oasis – oases |
|
nucleus – nuclei |
thesis – theses |
phenomenon – phenomena |
syllabus – syllabi |
crisis – crises |
|
Однако существительные иностранного происхождения, которые часто употребляются в речи, могут образовывать форму множественного числа по правилам английского языка (наряду с формами, характерными для исходных языков):
vacuum – vacuums, vacua ultimatum – ultimatums, ultimata formula – formulas, formulae
5. Некоторые существительные имеют одинаковые формы в единственном и множественном числе:
sheep – sheep; deer – deer; fish – fish (но при обозначении различных видов рыб используется форма множественного числа: fishes).
6. Составные существительные со словом man образуют множественное число путем изменения man на men: sportsman – sportsmen; postman – postmen.
В составных существительных, которые пишутся через дефис, форму множественного числа обычно принимает слово, несущее основную смысловую нагрузку: father-in-law – fathers-in-law; pen-friend – pen-friends.
В составных существительных, в которых вторая часть является предлогом или прилагательным, как правило,
форму множественного числа принимает только первая часть: looker-on – lookers-on; man-of-war – men-of-war; passerby – passers-by.
7. Некоторые существительные употребляются только с глаголом в единственном числе:
news: |
The news is on at 6.30 p.m. |
athletics: |
Athletics is good for young people. |
linguistics: |
Linguistics is the study of language. |
darts: |
Darts is a popular game in England. |
billiards: |
Billiards is played all over the world. |
А также:
information (информация, сообщения) advice (совет, советы)
furniture (мебель) progress (прогресс, успехи) money (деньги)
series (ряд, серия).
8. Некоторые существительные имеют форму только множественного числа и употребляются с глаголом во множественном числе:
trousers: |
My trousers are too tight. |
jeans: |
Her jeans are black. |
glasses: |
Those glasses are his. |
А также: |
|
clothes (одежда) |
scales (весы) |
spectacles (очки) |
proceeds (выручка) |
savings (сбережения) |
scissors (ножницы) |
customs (таможня) |
riches (богатство) |
goods (товар) |
outskirts (окраины) |
tropics (тропики) |
congratulations (поздравления) |
wages (заработная плата) и wage – 2 равноправные формы wits (ум) и wit – две равноправные формы
Exercise 1. Переведите следующие сочетания существительных:
Sunday newspaper, morning newspaper, student’s theatre, tram stop, five minutes’ talk, laboratory work, film studio, diploma examination, youth organization, French language teacher, three-room flat, Academy’s dining-room, Academy’s drama group.
Exercise 2. Поставьте существительные во множественное число.
Example: a bag – nine bags – many bags.
Goose, picture, puppy, doll, forget-me-not, teacher, sheep, man, rabbit, exercise-book, mother-in-law, tomato, advice, bus, customs house, family, zero, speech, tooth, army, mouse, ox, oasis, formula, movie, mother, man-of-war.
Exercise 3. Поставьте выделенные существительные в форму множественного числа, сделав соответствующие изменения в предложениях.
1)His child studies very well.
2)This man works at our office.
3)There is a new house in our street.
4)This story is very interesting.
5)The roof of the house is covered with snow.
6)I have hurt my foot.
7)The wolf has been shot.
8)He keeps his toys in the box.
9)In our country a woman is equal to a man.
10)Put this knife on the table.
Exercise 4. Поставьте существительные в единственное число.
Halves, theses, buses, geese, vacua, passers-by, puppies, editors-in-chief, roommates, houses, ladies, children, wives, phenomena, deer, doors, oxen, mice, feet, shelves, ducks, dishes.