20.Discuss with your friend the way a scientific dis covery is made.
21.Arrange a panel discussion about a scientific theory and the ways it is elaborated.
PROBLEM
1.It has recently come to your knowledge that Dr. M. is planning to take up the problem, which is now your par ticular concern. You have written a letter to the scientist and asked him to share in the work you are doing.
2.You are now concerned with the study of the effects o f ... on ... . Will you be concerned with the same problem next year? Why?
3.A team of researchers is engaged in the study of a problem that seems most essential. They have carried out more than one set of experiments and all to no effect. No information is furnished by the experiments performed. Please, find out why.
4.Humanity has long been harassed by the problem of cancer and no. solution to it is found. We are interested to know why the problem is still so enigmatic and no solution is found up to now.
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5.The hypothesis which was advanced is going to be offered as a starting point for discussion.
6.Speak of the present level of knowledge of some major problems in your field, also of the progress being made and of the difficulties being encountered and over come.
7.Speak of the major problems of research in your laboratory; of the techniques that are being applied and of the results, which now seem promising.
8.Humanity has long been harassed by the problem of cancer and no solution to it is found. We are interested to know why the problem is still so enigmatic and no solution is found up to now.
9.Discuss with your colleague the present level of knowledge of some major problems in your field, also of the progress being made and of the difficulties being en countered and overcome.
10.Speak of the attempt imtde to distinguish between two substances in the light of recent findings.
11.Detailed observation of some processes was not made in the above studies. Discuss with your colleague the reason and the consequences.
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12. Organ transplantation is one of the most exciting and rapidly advancing branches of medical science. It is also one of the most challenging. Speak of the advances that have been made in the field.
13. The function of the nervous system is now the most challenging in biology. Speak of the progress that is being made in the above field now and has obviously been made in the past ten years.
SUBJECTS
1.The steady state theory suggests that the Universe looks more or less the same from any position and at any time in the past, present or future. The suggestion, as you know, does not hold true now. Describe some theory of the past that still remains valid nowadays.
2.It is quite obvious that work of the brain remains one of the major unsolved problems in biology nowadays. Speak of some major unsolved problem in biology science (solid state physics, plasma physics, archaeology, philoso phy, philology, etc.).
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3.Your colleague would like you to talk to the man you work under his supervision, on the subject concerned. You say you can't, for you haven’t seen him for about a month: the latter has been away studying theses in the National Li brary in Moscow.
4.You are interested to know how long your friend will be collecting the data relating to the subject he is concerned with.
5.Speak of a person who's always smiling and showing the best of his (her) humour, no matter what happens. Give some psychological analysis.
6.Your friend is doing a research with people who are showing discontent. Discuss the subject of research in de
tails.
7. These principles have been accepted without question by later writers on the subject. I wonder why these princi ples have been accepted without question by later writers on the subject.
8. The young man you're talking about is very shy. When he listens to a lecture, no matter how interesting, he never asks questions although he may have very searching ones to ask. However, a few days ago when we listened to a talk by Prof. Plain, he surprised all of us he asked questions which showed he was keenly interested in the subject.
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INVESTIGATION
1.You’re telling your colleagues that Prof. Ivanov has spoken about the work he's doing now. It's fascinating work, no doubt. Your colleagues cannot quite believe it
2.You are getting around to start a big fundamental re search, which will probably take you a few years to com plete. Please, state what it will consist in; what you are planning to do this year and in the coming two or three years.
3.You are now getting ready to write a thesis (mono graph, paper) and are collecting material for it. Please, speak of the subject-matter of the work and outline briefly what it will look like.
4.Do you know who laid the foundations of ...? Can you recall some scientists of the past whose fundamental discoveries were epoch-making in the science they worked in? What did their contemporaries think of their discover ies? Did they fight for their ideas? Did those ideas win rec ognition afterwards?
5.Describe a discovery in the past, one that might be called epoch-making. Give your account of it.
6.You would like your friend, a historian, to tell you what's going on in his science nowadays.
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