Материал: 89
b) хулиганство
d)право ношения оружия
e)необоснованный обыск
f)обвинительный акт
g)повторный риск уголовной ответственности
h)надлежащая правовая процедура
Exercise 2. Fill in the appropriate prepositions.
1.The Amendments concerning issues of officer liability are ___ particular importance___ law enforcement.
2.Examples of law enforcement activities affected___ the First Amendment include arrests ___ disorderly conduct and seizure of press materials.
3.Persons have a reasonable expectation of privacy and noninterference___
people's right to possess and maintain control___ their property.
4.The Fifth Amendment is best known___ prohibiting compelled self-incrimination.
5.No State shall deprive any person of life, liberty or property, ___ due process of law.
6.No State shall deny any person___ its jurisdiction of the equal protection of the laws.
7.The Fifth Amendment also contains a due process clause but is limited only___
the actions of the federal government.
Exercise 3. Match these terms and their definitions.
1. liability |
a) a certain amount of money exacted as a penalty |
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2. seizure |
b) property or money given as surety that a person |
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released from custody will return at an appointed |
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time |
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3. magistrate |
c) the act of taking possession, as by force or right |
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of law |
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4. self-incrimination |
d) a civil or lay judge or other official who is |
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responsible for administering and enforcing the laws, |
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usually by holding hearings on minor offenses |
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5. bail |
e) the act of incriminating oneself or exposing |
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oneself to prosecution, especially by giving evidence |
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or testimony |
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6. fine |
f) the state of being responsible for something or |
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something that someone is responsible for |
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Exercise 4 .Answer these questions.
1.What amendments are of particular importance to law enforcement?
2.What freedoms and rights do the First and the Second Amendments protect?
3.What does the Fourth Amendment prohibit?
4.What is the Fifth Amendment is best known for?
Total : 24
Your score :_________________
TEXT 4
Types of the US police
Policing in the United States is conducted by numerous types of agency at many different levels. Every state has their own nomenclature for agencies, and their powers, responsibilities and funding varies from state to state.
Federal Law Enforcement Officers are authorized to enforce federal laws not only at the federal level, but also state, county, and local in many circumstances. At a crime or disaster scene affecting large numbers of people, multiple jurisdictions, or broad geographic areas, many police agencies may be involved by mutual aid agreements.
The federal government is prohibited from exercising general police powers due to the fact that the United States is organized as a union of sovereign states. However, once the fugitive crosses a state line he violates the federal law of interstate flight and is subject to federal jurisdiction, federal law enforcement agencies may become involved.
All states operate statewide government agencies that provide law enforcement duties, including investigations and state patrols. They may be called State Police, State Patrol or Highway Patrol, and are normally part of the state Department of Public Safety. In addition, the Attorney General's office of each state has their own state bureaus of investigation. State governments may also operate capitol police, Departments of Correction, Water police, environmental
police.
Also known as parishes and boroughs, county law enforcement is provided by Sheriffs' Departments or Offices and County police. County police tend to exist only in metropolitan counties and have countywide jurisdiction. In some areas, there is a sheriff's department which only handles minor issues such as service of papers, along with security for the local courthouse. In other areas, the local sheriff is the exclusive law enforcement agency. County police tend to fall into three broad categories:
-Full-service - provide the full spectrum of police services to the entire county and may provide contractual security police services to special districts within the county.
-Limited service - provide services to unincorporated areas of the county.
-Restricted service - provide security police to county owned and operated facilities and parks. Some may also perform some road patrol duties on county built and maintained roads, and provide support to municipal police departments in the county.
Full service Sheriffs' departments provide all traditional law-enforcement functions, including countywide patrol and investigations irrespective of municipal boundaries. Limited service ones may be limited to security police duties on county properties (and others by contract). Restricted service departments provide basic court related services such as keeping the county jail, transporting prisoners, providing courthouse security and other duties with regard to service of process and summonses that are issued by county and state courts.
Municipal police range from one-officer agencies to the 40,000 men and women of the New York City Police Department. Most municipal agencies take the form (Municipality Name) Police Department. Many individual cities and towns will have their own police department. Metropolitan departments, such as the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department, have usually have been formed by a merger between local agencies, typically several local police departments and often the local sheriff's department , in efforts to provide greater efficiency by centralizing command and resources.
There are other types of specialist police department with varying jurisdictions. Special district police can be transit police, campus police, airport police, park police or police departments responsible for protecting government property.
Exercise 1. Match the word combinations and their translation.
1) to enforce federal laws |
a) место катастрофы |
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2) a disaster scene |
b) союз суверенных штатов |
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3) union of sovereign states |
c) округа и районы |
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4) Department of Public Safety |
d) отвечать за мелкие проблемы |
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5) the Attorney General's office |
e) обеспечивать контроль за соблюдением |
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федерального законодательства |
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6) parishes and boroughs |
f) выписывать повестки в суд |
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7) to handle minor issues |
g) Департамент общественной безопасности |
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8) to issue summonses |
h) быть образованным в результате слияния |
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9) to be formed by a merger |
i) Генеральная прокуратура |
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Exercise 2. Say if the sentences are true or false.
1.Every state is limited to federal nomenclature for police agencies, their powers, responsibilities and funding.
2.Federal police are authorized to enforce federal laws not only at the federal level, but also state, county, and local in many circumstances.
3.The federal government may exercise general police powers due to the United States Constitution.
4.Federal law enforcement agencies that provide investigations and patrols may be called State Police, State Patrol or Highway Patrol.
5.County police tend to exist only in metropolitan counties and have countywide jurisdiction.
6. There are many types of specialist police department with varying jurisdictions.
Exercise 3. Answer these questions.
1. |
What types of agencies conduct policing in the United States? |
2. |
What was the role of the US Federal police? |
3. In what circumstances may federal law enforcement agencies become involved?
4. What type of agencies is county law enforcement provided by? 5. What three broad categories does county police fall into?
6.Are municipal police big or small?
7.What jurisdictions can special district police have?
Total : 22
Your score :_________________
TEXT 5.
Categories and Classes of Offenses
The term offense broadly describes acts that are punishable under law. Criminal offenses are punishable by incarceration and classified as either felony or misdemeanor. Noncriminal offenses, or civil infractions, are punishable by monetary fines or something other than incarceration. An example of a noncriminal offense is a traffic violation such as failure to yield the right of way. A felony is any crime committed for which the maximum penalty is death or incarceration in a state correctional facility for more than one year. Felonies are classified based on the severity of the offense's maximum or minimum penalty. Each of the five felony classes is defined by the penalty and/or fine associated with it. A capital felony is the highest class of felony. The penalty for offenses in this class is death or life imprisonment in a state correctional facility without the possibility of parole. For example, first-degree murder is a capital felony and the only capital felony for which the state may impose the penalty of death. All other capital felonies require the state to impose a life sentence without the possibility of parole. An example is sexual battery on a child under 12 years old by a person 18 years or older.
A life felony has varying penalties, including up to life imprisonment in a state correctional facility, a fine of up to $15,000, or both. The penalty may vary depending on when the crime was committed and the type of crime committed. In addition, some crimes classified as a first-degree felony, such as kidnapping or rape, may be reclassified as a life felony, if the crime was committed with the use of a weapon or firearm.
A first-degree felony carries a maximum penalty of 30 years in a state correctional facility, a fine of up to $10,000, or both. But kidnapping is a first-degree felony