Материал: 427

ɋɪɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧ ɟɫɥɢ ɨɫɭɠɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɥ ɫɜɨɟ ɢɫ- ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ȼ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚ- ɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ-ɞɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ

ɨɫɭɠɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɦɟɧɭ ɧɟ ɨɬɛɵɬɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɦɹɝɤɢɦ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɟ ɫɧɹɬɢɟ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɪ

ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɧɟɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɟɫɨɦɵɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɭɫɥɨ- ɜɢɟ ɟɺ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ- ɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɧɟ ɬɚɤ ɨɬ ɟɝɨ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɬ ɧɟɨɬɜɪɚɬɢ-

ɦɨɫɬɢ ɇɟɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɧɢ ɨɞɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɨɫɬɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɵɦ ɜɧɟ ɩɨɥɹ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɡ ɨɬ-

ɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɫ ɢɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɇɟɢɡɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɣ ɫɢɥɵ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɜ ɜ ɛɨɪɶɛɟ ɫ ɩɪɟ-

ɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɥɸɞɢ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɭɧɤɬɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɡɚɛɨɬɭ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɨɛ ɢɯ ɩɨɤɨɟ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɢɤɨɫɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɵɥɢ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɵ ɱɬɨ ɧɢ ɨɞɢɧ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɭɣɞɟɬ ɨɬ ɡɚɫɥɭɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɤɚɡɚ-

ɧɢɹ ȼ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɸ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨ-

ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɥɭɠɛ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɞɟɥ ɤɚɤ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɪɨɡɵɫɤ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɞɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɜɧɭ-

ɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɞɟɥ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɨ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɸ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟ- ɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɤɬɢ-

ɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚ ɧɟɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ

60

ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɝɭɦɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɪɤɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɨ- ɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɟɦ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧ-

ɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɟɺ ɇɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɪɵ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɡɵ- ɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɹɸɳɢɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɭɧɢɠɚ- ɸɳɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɇɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɦɟ-

ɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɭɪɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɪ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɚɪɟɫɬɚ ɤ ɛɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɠɟɧɳɢɧɚɦ Ɂɚ- ɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɨɛ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ-

ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɹɟɬ ɢɫɱɟɪɩɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɣ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɟɧɶ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɫɦɹɝɱɚɸɳɢ-

ɦɢ ɂɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɥɵɣ ɪɹɞ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɝɭɦɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ȼɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɢ-

ɥɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɤ ɱɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ

ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɭɸ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɨɬɚ- ɪɢɭɫɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɹ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɛɹɡɚ-

ɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɬɪɢ ɨɫɧɨɜ- ɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɚ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɜɨɟ ɜɨɡ-

ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣ

ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ ɫɬ ɍɄ ɊɎ Ɂɥɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥ- ɧɨɦɨɱɢɹɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚɦɢ ɢ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɋɨɝɥɚɫ-

ɧɨ ɱ ɫɬ ɍɄ ɊɎ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɦ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɦ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɜɨɩɪɟɤɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɝɨɞ ɢ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɛɹ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɢɰ ɥɢɛɨ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɞɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɥɢɰɚɦ ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɞɟɹɧɢɟ

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ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɥɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɪɟɞ ɩɪɚɜɚɦ ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɵɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɟ- ɫɚɦ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɢɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɥɢɛɨ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɵɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɢɧ-

ɬɟɪɟɫɚɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɲɬɪɚɮɨɦ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɢɧɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɦɢ ɫ ɥɢɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɡɚɧɢ- ɦɚɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ- ɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɥɢ ɛɟɡ ɬɚɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɥɢɛɨ ɚɪɟɫɬɨɦ ɥɢɛɨ ɥɢ-

ɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɫ ɥɢɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ

ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɱ ɫɬ ɍɄ ɊɎ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɞɟɹɧɢɟ ɫɨ-

ɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɜɟɞɨɦɨ ɧɟɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɥɟɬɧɟɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɞɟɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɧɚɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɲɬɪɚɮɨɦ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɢɧɭɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɦɢ ɫ ɥɢɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɥɢ ɛɟɡ ɬɚɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɥɢɛɨ ɚɪɟɫɬɨɦ ɥɢɛɨ ɥɢɲɟ-

ɧɢɟɦ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɫ ɥɢɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ

ɋɬɚɬɶɹ ɍɄ ɊɎ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚɦɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɛɴ- ɟɤɬɨɦ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɫɨ-

ɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɧɨɪɦ ɍɄ ɊɎ ɢ Ɉɫɧɨɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶ-

ɫɬɜɚ ɊɎ ɨ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɬɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɪɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɧɨɬɚ- ɪɢɭɫɚ ɦɨɝɭɳɢɦɢ ɩɨɜɥɟɱɶ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ-

ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ

1)ɪɚɡɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɦ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɞɚɱɚ ɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɭ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɥɢɰɚɦ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɥɢɛɨ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɬ 5, 17 Ɉɫɧɨɜ

2)ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɞɨ- ɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ ɫɬ 6 Ɉɫɧɨɜ

62

3)ɡɚɧɹɬɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɟ- ɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɫɬ 6 Ɉɫɧɨɜ

4)ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɟ ɢɦɹ ɢ ɨɬ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɧɚ ɢɦɹ ɢ ɨɬ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɫɭɩɪɭɝɨɜ ɢɯ ɢ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɜɧɭɤɨɜ ɫɬ 47Ɉɫɧɨɜ

Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɵ ɜɨɩɪɟɤɢ ɡɚɞɚ- ɱɚɦ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚ-

ɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɋ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɭɝɨ-

ɥɨɜɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɥɶ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟ-

ɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɝɨɞ ɢ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɛɹ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɢɰ ɥɢɛɨ ɧɚɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɞɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɥɢɰɚɦ

ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦɢ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɣ ɨɬ- ɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɫɨ- ɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɹ-

ɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢɱɢ-

ɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɞɚ ɩɪɚɜɚɦ ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɵɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɢɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɥɢɛɨ ɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɵɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɢɧɬɟ- ɪɟɫɚɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ- ɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɢɜ-

ɲɢɦɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɍɝɨɥɨɜɧɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɬɚɪɢ-

ɭɫɚ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɨɜ ɩɪɟ- ɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɯ ɝɥɚɜɵ 30 ɍɄ ɊɎ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɧɢɯ ɫɬɚɬɶɹ Ɂɥɨɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɥɧɨ- ɦɨɱɢɹɦɢ ɫɬɚɬɶɹ ɉɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨ- ɱɢɣ ɫɬɚɬɶɹ ɇɟɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶ-

ɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɚɬɶɹ ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɡɹɬɤɢ ɫɬɚɬɶɹɋɥɭɠɟɛɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɥɨɝ ɫɬɚɬɶɹ ɏɚɥɚɬɧɨɫɬɶ

63

Ƚɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɭɸ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɵ ɧɟ- ɫɭɬ ɩɪɢ ɭɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɡɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶ- ɧɨɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣ-

ɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɚɳɟɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ ɊɎ Ɍɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɦɭ ɩɪɚ-

ɜɭ ɬɪɚɤɬɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɸ ɫɚɧɤ- ɰɢɣ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɉɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭ-

ɲɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɪɟɞ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɟɝɨ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɨ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɬɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɬɟɪ- ɦɢɧ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɦɵɫɥɚɯ ɲɢ-

ɪɨɤɨɦ ɢ ɭɡɤɨɦ ȼ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨ ɩɨɧɹ-

ɬɢɸ ɜɪɟɞ ȼ ɭɡɤɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɪɚɡ-

ɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɛɵɬɤɨɜ ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ȽɄ ɊɎ ɩɨɞ ɭɛɵɬɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ

ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɥɢɰɨ ɱɶɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɥɨ ɢɥɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɭɬɪɚɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɨɯɨɞɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɷɬɨ ɥɢɰɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɨ ɛɵ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚ ɟɫɥɢ ɛɵ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɨ ɭɩɭɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɜɵɝɨɞɚ ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨ-

ɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɧɟ ɞɚɟɬ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɜɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ ɢɥɢ ɨɧ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɩɭɳɟɧɧɭɸ ɜɵɝɨɞɭ

ɉɪɢ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɪ-

ɦɵ ȽɄ ɊɎ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɞɚ ɝɥ ȽɄ ɊɎ ȼ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ

64

ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɦ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɪɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɪɟɞɚ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɧɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɬɢ-

ɦɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɜɢɧɵ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɯ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɨ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɬɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ȼ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ

ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɦ ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧ ɜ ɢɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɍɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɥɭ- ɱɚɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟ- ɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ ɤ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨ-

ɜɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɑɚɫɬɧɨɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɸɳɢɣ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫ ɨɛɹɡɚɧ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɬɶ

ɫɜɨɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ȽɄ ɊɎ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɤɨɝ-

ɞɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɨɟ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɨɡɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɪɟɞ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɭ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɵɦ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɮɚɤ-

ɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɦ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ ɑɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɨ-

ɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ ɬɨ ɡɚ ɧɢɯ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɨɬ-

ɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ Ⱥɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɸ-

ɳɢɯ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹɲɧɢɣ ɞɟɧɶ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɄɨȺɉ ɊɎ ɇɟɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɟ-

ɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ

ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨ-

ɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɧɚɥɨɝɚɯ ɢ ɫɛɨɪɚɯ ɫɪɨɤɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɧɟɩɨɥɧɨɦ ɨɛɴ- ɟɦɟ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɋɚɧɤɰɢɹ ɫɬɚɬɶɢ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚ- ɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɚɞɦɢɧɢ-

65

ɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɲɬɪɚɮɚ ɜ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɟ ɨɬ ɩɹɬɢɫɨɬ ɞɨ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɵɫɹɱɢ ɪɭɛɥɟɣ

Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɫ- ɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɱ ɫɬ 15.6 ɄɨȺɉ ɊɎ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɨɫɭ-

ɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟ-

ɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɱ ɫɬ 15.6 ɄɨȺɉ ɊɎ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫ ɥɢɛɨ ɜɨɜɫɟ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɬ ɟ ɢɝɧɨɪɢ- ɪɭɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɥɟɠɚɳɟɣ ɧɚ ɧɟɦ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɛɨ ɧɚ-

ɪɭɲɚɟɬ ɫɪɨɤɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɵɯ ɜ ɱ ɫɬ 15.6 ɄɨȺɉ ɊɎ ɚ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɷɬɢ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ

ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɬ 85

ɇɄ ɊɎ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɬɶ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɵ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬ- ɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɧɭɸ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɵ ɫɨɨɛɳɚɬɶ ɨ ɧɨɬɚɪɢ-

ɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɧɚ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɨɜ ɞɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɩɨ ɦɟɫɬɭ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɟ 5 ɞɧɟɣ ɫɨ ɞɧɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ

ɭɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɟɧɢɹ Ɉɤɨɧɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɦɨ-

ɦɟɧɬɚ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɢɫɬɟɤ ɫɪɨɤ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɜɟ- ɞɟɧɢɣ ɥɢɛɨ ɫ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɩɨɥɧɵɯ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɨ-

ɜɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ Ɉɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɛɟɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ

ɋɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟ- ɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɱ ɫɬ 15.6 ɄɨȺɉ ɊɎ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭ-

ɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɭɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɟɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɜɢɧɵ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɨɬɜɟɬ-

ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢ-

ɧɚɪɧɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɚɹ ɤɚɤ ɜ

66

ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭɸɳɢɯ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ

Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɡ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɨɪɝɚ-

ɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ Ɇɢɧɢɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɸɫɬɢɰɢɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɭ- ɫɚ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ- ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ-

ɩɪɚɜɨɜɭɸ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɭ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɞɭɚɥɢɡɦɨɦ ɜ

ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɝɨ- ɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɨɬ- ɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɞɢɫɤɭɫ-

ɫɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɦ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ

67

ʧ̣̌ ̌ //͘ ʪʰˁˉʰʿʸʰʻʤˀʻʤ˔ ʽ ʦʫ ˁ ʦʫʻʻʽˁ ː ʻʽ ʤˀʰ˄ˁʤ

2.1. ʿ̨̛̦̯̖́ ̛ ̛̪̬̦̌̚ ̛ ̶̨̛̛̛̭̪̣̦̬̦̜̔̌ ̨̯ ̖̯̭̯ ̨̛̖̦̦̭̯

Ⱦɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɨ ɜɢɞ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟ- ɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɞɢɫ- ɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɜɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɫɭɛɴɟɤ-

ɬɚɦɢ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɦ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɨɜ ɡɚ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɭɩɤɢ ɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ

Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɨɬ-

ɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɡɚ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɵɟ ɩɪɨ-

ɫɬɭɩɤɢ ɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɢɬɶ ɢ ɡɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨ-

ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɬ ɄɨȺɉ ɊɎ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɤɚɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɚɧɤɰɢɣ ɞɢɫ-

ɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɜɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɣ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ

ɟɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚɦ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɧɚ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɸ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚ

ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɹɦɢ ɩɪɚ- ɜɚ ɇɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɥɢɰ ɧɟɫɭɬ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɭɸ ɨɬɜɟɬ-

ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɦɭ ɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɭ Ⱦɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜ-

ɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɭ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɬɚɜɚɦɢ ȼɨ-

68

ɨɪɭɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɋɢɥ ɊɎ ɬɚɦɨɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɢ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɚɤɬɨɜ

ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɤ ɞɢɫɰɢ-

ɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɟɫɹɬɤɢ ɦɢɥɥɢɨɧɨɜ ɥɢɰ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɨɜ ɷɬɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɥɭɠɚɳɢɟ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɢ ɥɢɰɚ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɚ ɜ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɬɭ- ɩɚɟɬ ɡɚ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɭɩɨɤ ɗɬɨ ɜɪɟɞɧɨɟ ɚɧɬɢɨɛ- ɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɢɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɞɟɹɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɟ ɱɥɟɧɨɦ ɭɫɬɨɣ-

ɱɢɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɪɟɛɵɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɥɢɰɚ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɟ Ɂɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɭɩɤɚ ɧɚ ɜɢɧɨɜɧɨɝɨɦɨ-

ɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɨɟ ɜɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɟ ɂɯ ɜɢɞɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɚɤɬɚɦɢ ɐɟɥɶ

ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɧɚɹ ɩɪɟɜɟɧɰɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚ- ɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɢɯ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟ- ɞɭɪɨɣ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ Ⱦɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɵɟ ɜɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɭɯɭɞ-

ɲɚɸɬ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ

ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɵɟ ɜɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ- ɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɨɜ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɧɢɯ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɦɨ- ɪɚɥɶɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɫɚɧɤɰɢɣ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɝɨɜɨɪ ɫɚɧɤɰɢɣ

ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɥɢɰɚ ɫ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɨɦɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɜɨɥɶɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɂ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨɧɢ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɥɢɲɶ ɩɨɤɚ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧ ɧɚɯɨ-

ɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɟ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɇɚɛɨɪ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɫɚɧɤɰɢɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ

ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɣ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ Ɍɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɚɫɩɢɪɚɧɬɨɜ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ-

ɧɵɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ȼɍɁɨɜ ɷɬɨ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɝɨɜɨɪ ɫɬɪɨɝɢɣ

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