Материал: 427

ɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɂɦɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶ-

ɧɵɯ ɩɚɥɚɬ ɡɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ

ɉɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɟ Ɉɫɧɨɜɚɦɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɊɎ ɨ ɧɨ-

ɬɚɪɢɚɬɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ Ɋɟɡɨɥɸɰɢɹ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɥɚ- ɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɬ ɹɧɜɚɪɹ ɝ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɸ ɧɨ- ɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ-ɱɥɟɧɚɯ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ ɤɚɤ ɩɭɛɥɢɱ-

ɧɭɸ ɫɥɭɠɛɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɭɸ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɭɫɬɚɜɚ ɢ ɧɚɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ-

ɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹɦɢ ɨɬ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ

ɩɚɥɚɬ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɨɫɩɚɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ Ɉɫɧɨɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɊɎ ɨ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɬɟ ɩ 3 ɱ 5 ɫɬ 12, ɱ 2 ɫɬ 17 ɢ ɱ ɫɬ ɧɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭ-

ɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɚɤ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɥɚɬ

ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɸɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɭɫɬɚɜɵ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶ-

ɧɵɯ ɩɚɥɚɬ ɢ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɬ ɢɯ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɥɚɬɚɦɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚɦɢ ɡɚ-

ɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɱ ɫɬ 9, ɫɬ Ɉɫɧɨɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ

ɊɎ ɨ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɬɟ

ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɚ- ɤɨɧɨɦ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨɞɧɚɞɡɨɪɧɨ ɩɪɨɤɭɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɩ 2 ɫɬ 1, ɩ 1 ɫɬ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ Ɉ ɩɪɨɤɭɪɚɬɭɪɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ

Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɞɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɫɬ 32 ɢ 33 Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ

ɡɚɤɨɧɚ Ɉ ɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɯ

40

Ɉɬɤɚɡ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɧɟ- ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɛɠɚɥɭ-

ɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɇɨ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɬ ɱ Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɢ ɊɎ ɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɊɎ Ɉɛ ɨɛɠɚɥɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɫɭɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɫɭɞɵ ɜɨ ɜɫɹɤɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɩɪɚɜɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɢ ɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɥɚɬ

ɇɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɚɥɚɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɥɢɰɨɦ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɯ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ȼɵɫɲɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɉɪɢ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɱɥɟɧɵ ɧɨ- ɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚɦɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸ-

ɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɪɟɲɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ ɚ ɩɨɦɨɳɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɫɬɚɠɟɪɵ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɫɨɜɟ-

ɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɨɣ ɢɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɟɦ

ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬ ɧɨɬɚ- ɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɉɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɹ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶ-

ɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɢ ɩɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɜɨɦ ɧɨɬɚɪɢ-

ɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɥɚɬɚɯ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɱɢɫɥɟɧ-

ɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɤɨɦɢɬɟɬɵ ɢ ɫɨɜɟɬɵ ɩɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ-

ɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɬɢɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɟɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɤɜɚɥɢ-

ɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɭ ɢ ɧɨɪɦɨɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɜɟɬ ɢ ɬ ɞ

Ⱦɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɊɎ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɊɎ ɢ

41

ɫɜɨɢɦ ɭɫɬɚɜɨɦ ɇɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɚɥɚɬɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɷɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɭɫɬɚɜɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɂɦɭ-

ɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɧɟ ɨɛɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɦ ɧɚ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɨ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɬɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɟɞɢɧɭɸ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧ-

ɧɭɸ ɩɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɭɸ ɢɡ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɥɚɬ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɚɥɚɬɭ

ɇɟɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ ɧɨ- ɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɱɥɟɧɫɬɜɟ ɜ ɧɨɬɚ-

ɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɬɚɤɨɜɨɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɜɥɟɱɶ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɞɨɦ ɟɝɨ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɱɥɟɧɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɟ ɢ ɫɜɹ-

ɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɫ ɧɢɦ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɬ ɤɚɤɢɯ-ɥɢɛɨ ɢɧɵɯ ɧɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɨɬ ɭɩɥɚɬɵ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ Ɉɫɧɨɜɚɦɢ ɜɫɬɭ- ɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɡɧɨɫɨɜ.

ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɱ ɫɬ Ɉɫɧɨɜ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɚɥɚɬɚ

ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ ɨɤɚ- ɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɢɦ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɧɨɬɚ-

ɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ

ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɬ ɫɬɚɠɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɥɢɰ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɞɨɥɠ- ɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨ-

ɬɨɜɤɢ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ

ɜɨɡɦɟɳɚɟɬ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɭɞɨɦ ɩɨ ɞɟɥɚɦ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɫ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭ- ɫɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɬ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ-

ɫɬɢ

42

Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ ɛɟɡ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶ- ɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɫɬ 26 Ɉɫɧɨɜ ɜɵɫɲɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ ɟɟ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɉɪɢ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɚ- ɧɢɢ ɱɥɟɧɵ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ-

ɦɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɪɟɲɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ ɚ ɩɨɦɨɳɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɫɬɚɠɟɪɵ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɫɨɜɟɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ

ȼ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶ- ɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɢɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɟɦ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɧɨɬɚ-

ɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬ ɉɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ Ɉɫɧɨ-

ɜɚɦɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɊɎ ɨ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɬɟ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɟɟ ɭɫɬɚɜɨɦ Ɍɚɤ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɫɬ 25 Ɉɫɧɨɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɊɎ ɨ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚ-

ɬɟ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɚɥɚɬɚ

ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ ɨɤɚ- ɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɢɦ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɧɨɬɚ-

ɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ

ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɬ ɫɬɚɠɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɥɢɰ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɞɨɥɠ- ɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨ-

ɬɨɜɤɢ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ

ɜɨɡɦɟɳɚɟɬ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɭ-

ɞɨɦ ɩɨ ɞɟɥɚɦ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɫ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ

ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɬ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɥɚɬ

ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɢ ɞɟɥ ɜ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɩɪɚɜ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ

ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɫɬ ȽɉɄ ɊɎ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɩɪɚɜɟ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ-

ɫɹ ɜ ɫɭɞ ɫ ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɩɪɚɜ ɫɜɨɛɨɞ ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɢɰ ɩɨ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɫɶɛɟ ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɩɪɚɜ

43

ɜɨɞɹɬ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɨɣ ɢɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɚɣɧɵɦ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɥɚɬ ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚ-

ɥɚɬɵ ɉɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɥɚɬ ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɩɪɟɡɢ-

ɞɟɧɬɚ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɜɨɦ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ

Ɋɚɡɦɟɪ ɜɡɧɨɫɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɟɣ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶ-

ɧɵɯ ɩɚɥɚɬ Ɉɪɝɚɧɵ ɸɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɜɨɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ

ɧɢɯ Ɉɫɧɨɜɚɦɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɊɎ ɨ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɬɟ ɮɭɧɤ- ɰɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹ-

ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ Ɍɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɧɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚ ɧɨɬɚ- ɪɢɚɬɨɦ ɚ ɪɟɲɚɟɬ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɧɨɬɚ-

ɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɫɭ- ɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɸɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪ-

ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ Ɉɪɝɚɧ ɸɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɨɣ

ɭɱɪɟɠɞɚɟɬ ɢ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɢɪɭɟɬ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ

ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɢɡ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɤɪɭɝɨɜ

ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ

ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɸ ɜ ɫɨɨɬ- ɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɨ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɢɫ-

ɫɢɢ ɩɨɞ ɩɪɟɞɫɟɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɸɫɬɢɰɢɢ

ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɚɤɚɧɬɧɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ ɢɡ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɥɢɰ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɨ

46

ɩɪɟɬɟɧɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɢ

ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɯɪɚ-

ɧɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɭ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ ɱɶɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɭ

ɧɚɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹɦɢ ɥɢɰɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɦɟ-

ɳɚɸɳɟɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɦɟɳɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɥɢɰ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɫɬ Ɉɫɧɨɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɊɎ ɨ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɬɟ

ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ

Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɊɎ ɢ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɰɨɦ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦ ɜɵɫɲɟɟ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɪɚ-

ɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɠɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜɨ ɜɫɹɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧ-

ɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɧɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɢ ɜ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɬɟ ɋɬɚɠɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɜ ɨɞɢɧ ɝɨɞ ɷɬɨ ɬɨɬ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɪɨɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɡɚ- ɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɉɪɨ-

ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɡɚɦɟɧɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɢɫɤɚɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɟɹ-

ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɇɨɬɚɪɢɭɫ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɛɹɡɚɧ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜɵɫɲɟɟ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛ-

ɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɧ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɧɵɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫ ɪɚɡɴɹɫ-

ɧɹɥ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɜɲɢɦɫɹ ɤ ɧɟɦɭ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɚɦ ɢ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɚɹ ɧɟɨɫɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɥɚ ɢɦ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ

ɗɤɡɚɦɟɧɵ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɫɨ- ɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɢɡ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɸɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɭɱɟ-

ɧɵɯ Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ 1 ɪɚɡɚ ɜ ɝɨɞ ȼɫɟ ɥɢɰɚ ɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɢɟ ɫɬɚɠɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɭ ɧɨ-

ɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɨɛ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɡɵɜ

47

ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ ɨ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɚɠɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɢɫɤɚɬɟɥɹ Ȼɟɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɫɨɢɫɤɚɬɟɥɹ ɤ ɫɞɚɱɟ ɷɤɡɚɦɟɧɨɜ

Ʌɢɰɚ ɫɞɚɜɲɢɟ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɷɤɡɚɦɟɧɵ ɜɩɪɚɜɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɥɢɰɟɧɡɢɸ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟ-

ɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɋɚɦɚ ɥɢɰɟɧɡɢɹ ɧɟ ɞɚɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɢɬɶ ɤ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ɉɧɚ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɰɚ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɝɨ ɥɢɰɟɧɡɢɸ ɤ ɷɬɨɣ ɪɚɛɨ-

ɬɟ Ɋɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢɤɚɡ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɸɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɚ

Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ ɫɪɨɤɚ ɫɬɚɠɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɸɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɢ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ Ɉɞɧɚ-

ɤɨ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɪɨɤ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɲɟɫɬɢ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ ɋɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɪɨɤɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɬɪɟɯ ɥɟɬ ɉɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɪɨɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɸɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟ- ɦɚɦɢ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɬɚ ɫɭɞɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɤɭɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɗɬɢ ɤɚɬɟ-

ɝɨɪɢɢ ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ ɚ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɵ ɫ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɸ ɸɪɢɫɩɪɭɞɟɧɰɢɢ

ɉɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɠɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɫ ɨɬɪɵɜɨɦ ɨɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ Ⱦɟɥɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɧɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɬɨɪɟ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɶ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɭ ɜ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɚɦ ɡɚɤɨ-

ɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɢɧɵɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɦ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ȼ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɠɢ-

48

ɪɨɜɤɢ ɫɨɢɫɤɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɫɟɳɚɟɬ ɩɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɨɪɝɚ-

ɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɨɣ ɇɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɵ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɝɨɫɭ-

ɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ ɢɦɟ-

ɸɬ ɪɚɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɬ ɟ ɨɧɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɸɬ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɜɫɟ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɧɟɫɭɬ ɪɚɜɧɵɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɟɫɬɶ ɞɜɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɚɤ

ɢ ɞɥɹ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ Ɉɫɧɨɜɚɦɢ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɥɚ ɜɟɞɭɬ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɵ ɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɚɦ ɝɞɟ ɢɯ ɧɟɬ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɥɚ ɜɟɞɭɬ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɵ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɨɬɚ- ɪɢɭɫɨɜ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɵ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɱɚɫɬ-

ɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ ɡɚ ɜɫɟ ɫɜɨɢ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɬ ɜɫɟɦ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ

Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɚɤ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɦ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɦ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɭɸ ɫɢɥɭ ɬ ɟ ɞɨɤɭ-

ɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ ɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɚɦɢ

ɉɨɞɜɨɞɹ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɢɬɨɝ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɦ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɮɨɪɦɭ-

ɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɦ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ- ɫɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɚɫɬɧɵ- ɦɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɬ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣ-

ɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜ ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɦɚ ɛɟɫɩɪɢɫɬɪɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɟɡɚ-

ɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɭɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɪɟɝɥɚ-

ɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɳɭɸ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ

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