Материал: 427

Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɦ ɤ ɜɵɜɨɞɭ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫ ɨɛɥɚ- ɞɚɟɬ ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɱɢɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɩɪɚ- ɜɨɜɵɦ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɨɦ ɩɨɞ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɫɨɜɨ-

ɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɚɜ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɜ ɨɬ- ɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɧɚɞɟɥɟɧ-

ɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹɦɢ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ

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1.2. ̸̨̛̖̬̖̯̖̭ ̛̖ ̨̨̪̬̭̼ ̸̛̛̬̖̭̀̔ ̨̜ ̨̯ ̖̯̭̯ ̨̛̖̦̦̭̯ ̨̛̦̯̬̱̭̌̌͘ ʦ̛̼̔ ̨̯ ̖̯̭̯ ̨̛̖̦̦̭̯ ̨̛̦̯̬̱̭̌̌

ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɢ-

ɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɪ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɧɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɜɢɧɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɥɢɰɭ ɡɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɬ- ɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɝɨɫɭ- ɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɥɢɰɟ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧ-

ɧɵɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɬɟɪɩɟɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɥɢɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɫɨɞɟɹɧɧɨɟ ɥɢɱɧɨ ɢɦ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢ-

ɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɟɹɧɢɟɦ ɜɪɟɞ ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɚɹ ɜɫɥɟɞ-

ɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟ-

ɧɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ Ɏɚɤɬ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟ-

ɫɤɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɫ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɥɢɰɟ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚ ɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚ-

ɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɶ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɢ ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɚɧɤɰɢɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚ-

ɬɪɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɢɞ ɢ ɦɟɪɭ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ

ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɸɪɢɞɢ- ɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɬɚɤɭɸ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡ-

ɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹɄɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞ-

ɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪ-

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ɝɚɧɨɜ ɞɟɩɭɬɚɬɨɜ ɉɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ

Ⱦɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɜɢɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɵ-

ɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɰɨɦ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɶɸ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɟ

ɚɤɬɵ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɨ Ɍɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɞɟɤɫ ɊɎ Ⱦɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɵɣ ɍɫɬɚɜ ȼɨɨɪɭɠɟɧ-

ɧɵɯ ɋɢɥ ɊɎ Ⱦɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɵɣ ɍɫɬɚɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɞɟɥ ɊɎ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɚɤɬɵ ɢɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱ-

ɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɤɬɵ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɚɳɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸ- ɳɟɦɭ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ ɍɫɬɚɜɵ ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧ-

ɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɬ ɩȺɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ

ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɟɪ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜ-

ɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɢɯ ɦɟɪ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɤ ɜɢɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɥɢɰɚɦ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɧɨɪɦɚ- ɬɢɜɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɚɤɬ Ʉɨɞɟɤɫ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɛ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ-

ɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ Ʉɨɞɟɤɫɵ Ɂɚɤɨɧɵ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɭɸ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɭɸ ɨɬ-

ɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟɇɚɥɨɝɨɜɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ

ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɟɪ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤ ɥɢɰɚɦ ɭɤɥɨɧɹ-

ɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɨɬ ɭɩɥɚɬɵ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɇɚɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɇɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɨɦ ɊɎ ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɢɡ ɫɟɛɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɰɚ ɤ

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ɧɟɣ ɧɟ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜ-

ɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɍɝɨɥɨɜɧɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɭɞɟɛ-

ɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɤ ɥɢɰɭ ɜɢɧɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟ-

ɧɢɹ ȿɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɚɤɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ

ɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɡ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɧɟɢɦɭ-

ɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɚɤɬ Ƚɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɞɟɤɫ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟ-

ɞɟɪɚɰɢɢɆɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɨɡ-

ɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɞɚ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶ-

ɬɚɬɟ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɨɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɫɭɬ ɪɚ- ɛɨɬɧɢɤɢ ɡɚ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚ- ɰɢɢ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚ-

ɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɚ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɭɜɟɱɶɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɦ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ

ɋɟɦɟɣɧɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɞɨɦ ɦɟɪ ɤ ɥɢɰɭ ɧɟɞɨɛɪɨɫɨɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɟɦɭ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɤɪɟ- ɩɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɋɟɦɟɣɧɨɦ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɟ ɊɎ Ʉ ɦɟɪɚɦ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨ-

ɜɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɥɢɲɶ ɥɢɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ ɨɬɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɟɤɭɧɚ ɢ ɩɨɩɟɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɨɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɬɦɟɧɚ ɭɫɵɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɢɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɪɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɵɧɨɜɢ-

ɬɟɥɹ ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɢɬɶ

ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɪɚ-

ɜɢɥ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɭɞɟ

53

Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɢɞ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧ-

ɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɣ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɤ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɦ ɡɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɪɦ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ

ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨ-ɪɚɡɧɨɦɭ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ- ɥɹɬɶ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬ- ɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɪɟɬɟɪɩɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɰɨɦ ɦɟɪ ɝɨɫɭ-

ɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɧɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɫ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ

ȼɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɪɟɬɪɨɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ Ɋɟɬɪɨɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɷɬɨ ɪɟ-

ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɞɟɹɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɺɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɦ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɰɨɦ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ-

ɫɬɢ ɢ ɟɺ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɟɛɹ ɉɪɢ ɜɫɟɣ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɣ ɨɬɨɪɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɨɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɪ

ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɐɟɥɶɸ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬ-

ɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɚɜɚ ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɬɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɜɵ- ɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧ-

ɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɗɬɢ ɰɟɥɢ ɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɯ- ɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɬɨ ɢ ɟɺ ɰɟɥɶ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɦɨɠ- ɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɨɯɪɚɧɭ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɹ ɢ ɨɛɳɟ-

ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɚɹ ɤ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɸ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɨɯɪɚɧɨɣ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɡɤɭɸ ɰɟɥɶ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɜɢɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɹ ɦɟɪɭ ɩɪɢ-

54

ɧɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɟɳɺ ɨɞɧɭ ɰɟɥɶ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɟ-

ɜɟɧɰɢɹ ɋɪɟɞɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ

ɲɬɪɚɮɧɭɸ ɤɚɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ Ɉɧɚ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɨɛ- ɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɥɢɰɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɜɪɟɞ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɚɜɨ- ɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɷɬɨ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɢ-

ɬɟɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɟ ɱɬɨ ɢɧɨɟ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɫɚɦɨɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɬ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɟɝɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɇɚ-

ɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɸ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɯ ɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɟɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ Ɉɧɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɚɜ ɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞ ɥɢɛɨ ɜɨɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ

Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɨ-

ɰɟɥɶɸ Ɉɧɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɩɪɟɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɋɥɟɞɨ-

ɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɢ ɩɪɟɜɟɧɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɭɹ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ-

ɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɹ ɗɬɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɫɬɪɚɲɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɩɪɟɞ- ɭɩɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɫɚ-

ɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɨ ɢ ɧɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɯ Ɍɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɩɪɟɜɟɧɰɢɹ

ɇɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɢ ɧɚ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟ- ɥɹ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɨɫ- ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɛɨɪɶɛɚ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟ-

ɥɹɦɢ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɧɟɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɦɨɟ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɜɢɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɭ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɧɟɡɵɛɥɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɳɟ-

55

ɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɹɸɬ ɜɟɪɭ ɜ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢ-

ɜɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɦɨɳɶ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨ ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɵ ɗɬɨ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɵ ɝɪɚɠ- ɞɚɧ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɯ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ- ɫɬɢ ɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɫɱɟɬɟ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɭɫɬɨɣ-

ɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ȼ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɦɟɪɵ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬ-

ɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɟ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɜɢɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɚ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟ-

ɪɟɫ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɪɚɜɧɵɦ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɭ-

ɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɫ ɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɇɨ ɨɧɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɢ ɫɜɨɣ-

ɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɚɜɭ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɸɳɭɸ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɍɠɟ ɫɚɦ ɮɚɤɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɟɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɤɚ-

ɡɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ

ȼ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɭɤɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢ-

ɜɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɜɢɧɭ ɧɟɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɭɞɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɝɭ-

ɦɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɱɧɨɦ ɢ ɧɟɭɤɥɨɧ-

ɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɝɨ-

56

ɥɨɜɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɢɫ-

ɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɋɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɤɚɤ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɟ- ɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ-

ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤ

ɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɚ ɞɟɹɧɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɛɟɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨ- ɬɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɩɨ-

ɪɹɞɤɟ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬ-

ɫɹ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧ-

ɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɸ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɦ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɪɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɹɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɤ-

ɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢɫɬɢɧɵ ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ

ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ

ɡɚɩɪɟɳɟɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɟ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɞɟ-

ɹɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ

ɡɚɤɨɧ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɢ-

ɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɟɺ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ

ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɟɝ- ɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɧɨ-

ɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ

ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɜɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɯɚɪɚɤ-

ɬɟɪɭ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɜɪɟɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ

ɥɢɰɨ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɲɶ ɡɚ ɫɜɨɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧ-

ɧɨɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɱɭɠɭɸ ɜɢɧɭ ɩɨ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɭ

ɡɚ ɨɞɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɥɢɲɶ ɨɞɧɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ȿɫɥɢ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ

57

ɥɢɛɨ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɵɦ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɫ ɥɢɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɜɢɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ ɧɚɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɬɨ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ ɹɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬ- ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɯɨɬɶ ɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬ ɢɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-

ɫɬɢ ɧɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɚɧɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɥɢɛɨ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɪɚɫ- ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɥɭ-

ɠɚɳɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɟɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɜɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ

ɮɨɪɦɵ ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ

ɱɬɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɪɚɡ ɗɬɨ ɜɨɜɫɟ ɧɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨ-

ɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɨɞɧɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɪɚɜɧɨɟ ɞɟɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶ-

ɧɨɟ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɡɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɤ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱ- ɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɨɦɟɪɧɨɦ ɞɟɹɧɢɢ ɫɨ-

ɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɵ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɬɨ ɜɢɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɨ ɤ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɝɪɚɠ- ɞɚɧɫɤɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬ ɩ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɧɚ- ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɥɨ-

ɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɳɟɪɛ

58

ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟ-

ɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɸ ɦɟɪ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɜ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢ ɚɦɨ-

ɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɨɤ ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ

ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɣ ɤ ɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɸ ɦɟɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɰɟɥɹɦ ɸɪɢ-

ɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɐɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ

ɫɬɪɨɝɭɸ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɡɚ-

ɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɹ

ɫɦɹɝɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɧɟɺ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɦɚɥɨɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ-

ɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɢ ɬ ɩ

ɡɚɦɟɧɭ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬ-

ɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɉɪɢɡɧɚɜɚɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɸɪɢɞɢ-

ɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɜɨɜɫɟ ɧɟ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭ-

ɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɨ ɱɬɨ ɛɵ ɬɨ ɧɢ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɜɥɟɱɶ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɭ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɚ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɬɛɵ-

ɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɭɱɺɬɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠ-

ɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɬ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɫɪɨɤɚ ɞɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɫɥɢ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɤɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɥɚ ɜ ɫɭɞɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɞɟɹɧɢɟ ɭɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɨɛɳɟ-

ɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɛɨ ɫɚɦ ɜɢɧɨɜɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɦ

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