Материал: 2479

мета.

The temperature was too low for the Температура была слишком низка, substance to decompose. для того чтобы вещество разложи-

лось (могло разложиться).

51.Translate the following sentences paying attention to absolute infinitive constructions.

1.We are going to overcome this difficulty with various means to be tried.

2.It was like someone playing with only the family to listen.

3.There are two approaches to the solution of the problem, one to be used in analytical investigations, the other in simulation.

4.With these many steps to perform, a general-purpose processor can require many cycles to perform the transfer of each word.

5.The program uses very simple data structures and algorithms almost everywhere, with a few key techniques to take advantage of hierarchy.

6.A brief overview is given in this paper of some concepts required for applying formal methods to soft ware design, with examples to show how they may be used.

7.It also meant that the machine could work on different tasks by simply installing the required set of instructions and data, with a mechanism to select the appropriate set when needed.

52.Find the Complex Object and translate the sentences.

1.It would be very nice if one could have a computer do the thinking, have a computer make the decisions and have a computer do the scheduling.

2.If you allow yourself to be victimized once, you will be victimized again.

3.You may lead a horse to the water, but you cannot make him drink.

4.He permitted the treasure to be returned to the people.

5.One intriguing approach is to get the computer play games against itself.

6.The pulse method enables thermodynamic equations to be formulated in a simple manner.

7.The technique permitted problems to be solved that had been regarded as intractable.

8.This sequence causes digitized images to be stored in core memory.

9.If we can get the student to ask, "Why?" instead of just "What?" we will have made an essential step in his education.

10. We are interested in forcing the student to make his own decisions from a wide range of choices.

53. What do you know about the Subject? Translate the following sentences.

1. People's knowledge is assumed to be well-organized and to facilitate the un-

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derstanding of new information.

2.This process was expected to be more effective.

3.These stages are assumed to occur sequentially.

4.The data on the dispersion have been found to be in good agreement with the theoretical dispersion.

5.The approach was reported to apply.

6.From now on this model will be assumed to be adequate.

7.The talks are intended to give the latest advanced ideas in this field.

54.Sometimes Complex Subjects with the Infinitive are used in subordinate clauses. Give the translation of the sentences below.

1. It has to be admitted that the conclusion does not always seem to be a logically inevitable one.

2. The substances which are accepted to be present in the mixture should reveal two absorption bands.

3. It is supposed that no very convincing mechanism appears to have been offered for a hypothesis of this nature.

4. This technique is related to the criteria supposed to be built into the machine. 5. The esters now known to exhibit this behaviour are listed in Table IV.

6. Of the numerous methods of conducting similar experiments to be found in literature, the following are among those which have been proved to be most useful.

7. Whether the person said to be Dmitry were really such is a question which can now never be settled.

8. The proposal that seemed to evoke general approval was unfortunately rejected.

9. No line is to be seen when its intensity is predicted to be zero.

10.The device known to be built by Charles Babbage is now considered to be the parent of modern computers.

11.The proposal known to have been advanced by our delegate was unanimously greeted.

12.The latter category includes the data known to have been derived from quite different sources.

55.Find the construction «for + Noun + Infinitive». Translate the sentences.

1. Clearly, for classroom reading to be effective we have to take account of the

interest factor.

2.The language of specialists is often difficult for the layman to read.

3.Two years were sufficient for the work to be done.

4.The problem is far too involved for one to be able to solve it.

5.Two hours were sufficient for the reaction to occur.

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6.It took a long time for mathematicians to realize that not all continuous functions have a derivative.

7.It is necessary for the investigator to apply the knowledge gained from his library to the exploration problem.

8.Preliminary experiments showed that the time required for the specimen to reach thermal equilibrium was quite long.

9.It annoys people for us to agree partly or disagree partly.

10.It is possible for computers to handle all types of information.

11.There seems to be a general tendency for industrial problems to become more complex.

12.For a computer to be programmed each problem must be reduced to a series of very simple steps.

13.It remains for us to examine the problem from the point of view of the peas-

ant.

56. Translate the following sentences into Russian stating the syntactic function of the –ing form.

1.Learning without thought is labour lost, thought without learning is perilous.

2.Seeing is believing. 3. Appetite comes with eating. 4. Upon switching off the current the pressure dropped. 5. Instead of using chlorine, they took bromine. 6. A committee has been established for the purpose of coordinating the nomenclature. 7. They continued experimenting with the substance. 8. Having access to the code was symbolic. 9. It is worthwhile thinking over the effects I have just described. 10. Besides being useful in general interpolation technique, the procedure can be effectively used to approximate the first coefficients of F. 11. The new opportunities may make life on this planet much more worth living. 12. They were against postponing the meeting and for going on with the discussion of this problem. 13. We were all for starting the experiment at once. 14. It is no use speaking of it. 15. Operating conditions differed widely. 16. It is customary to dry the precipitate (осадок) on the paper without removing it from the funnel (воронка). 17. They could not help seeing the importance of the process. 18. It is commonly understood that regular queues before a theatre or a cinema are one sign that the show is worth seeing. 19. The purpose of the method is determining system stability. 20. In one's search to understand what happens in this particular case, one cannot help being influenced by the history of quite another problem.

21.We succeeded in building a flexible system. 22. The architects' aim is applying more plastics for interior decoration. 23. It may well be worthwhile considering the purpose of the investigation. 24. Search theory is potentially applicable to any sort of searching process. 25. Balancing is done by adjusting (регулировать) the position of the rods.

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57.Look through the text. What is it its main idea? How many Gerunds have you found? What is their syntactic function?

Our goal should be automating the routine and thereby leave more time for the creative process.

With that word of caution, let's proceed by arbitrarily dividing research into three stages and examining each stage to find what functions of the research process might be automated without endangering creativity. Stage one includes the dreams, the ideas, the exploratory work, selecting the problem, setting the objective, testing technical feasibility, and searching the literature. Stage two involves planning the experiment, conducting the experiment, checking the alternates, data taking, and data evaluation. Stage three is the solution of the problem

– drawing conclusions and making recommendations.

Although there is a great deal of creativity involved in stage one, there are also opportunities for automation. The burden of keeping up with the literature even in one's own restricted field is becoming heavier with each passing year. The mass of reading necessary to make a literature search has increased immensely. Advances in computer technology have made possible storing and quick retrieving essentially all the scientific literature.

58.Work in groups. Find the Gerund in the sentences below. Why do you think this word to be the Gerund?

1.There are different ways of solving a problem. 2. The solving of the problem was approved. 3. Everything must have a beginning. 4. The proof of the pudding is in the eating. 5. Wisdom denotes the pursuing of the best end by the best means. 6. Swallow all your learning in the morning, but digest it in company in the evening. 7. Submitting to one wrong brings on another. 8. By this definition the following is meant. 9. We obtained these values in terms of the following formula. 10. This procedure is finding increasing use. 11. A man should be viewed as a free, rational being possessing a free will. 12. The problem, however, is in not dividing the structure finely enough. 13. Before starting the engine it is necessary to test the piping for leakage. 14. Fortran has become a widely accepted programming language of the coding of mathematical applications. 15. After all in sport what really counts is not the winning, but the playing. 16. Two results obtained using the protocol showed an interesting effect worth presenting and discussing here. 17. Frequently, one is watching a sports event involving two teams without any intrinsic (истинный) reason for supporting either. 18. The accumulated bulk of knowledge on how to run a business provides deep understanding of the mechanism of business. 19. A system analyst (системотехник) spends much of a working day interviewing people. 20. The theory also basically improves understanding of a queueing situation enabling better control.

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59. Translate the sentences.

1. Не avoids being involved in such affairs. 2. He avoided having been involved in that affair. 3. We are interested in the test being carried out repeatedly. 4. The problem deserves being discussed at the session. 5. The problem deserves having been discussed at that session. 6. We rely on the experiment having been conducted correctly. 7. He is responsible for the program not having been corrected in time. 8. The mistake resulted from the device not having been mended before the test. 9. We object to the meeting being postponed.

60. What do you know about gerund constructions? Read the English sentences and their Russian equivalents. What is the difference?

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