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СибАДИ61 Fig. 11. Cooling system

Задание 4. Просмотрите видео «How Engine Cooling System Works»

необходимое вам количество раз.

Подготовье (устно) описание составляющих этой системы.

Текст 18 THE THERMOSTAT

The thermostat is a heat operated valve which controls the water flow through the radiator. It is normally located on the engine below the top outlet hose. When the engine is cold the thermostat is closed and it opens gradually аs the engine warms to reach the fully open position when the engine is at normal operating temperature.

When the engine is first started the water in the cylinder block heats up quickly because the thermostat prevents it from circulating through the radiator. As the water becomes warm some circulation is allowed but water in the cylinder block is always maintained at a high temperature and it is some time before the whole of the water in the system i.e. at its normal operating temperature.

Failure of the thermostat can cause overheating or over-cooling.

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Задание 1. Дополните следующие предложения соответствующими окончаниями из правого столбца:

Задан е 2. Расскаж те о месте термостата в системе водяного охлажден я по следующему плану:

а) местонахожден е; ) назначен е; в) пр нц п ра оты.

Vocabulary

Детали дв гателя: valve, radiator, engine, the top outlet hose, cylinder block.

Глаголы, используемые при описании работы термостата:

To control, to locate (mount), to close, to open, to warm, to reach, to start, to heat up, to prevent, to circulate.

Задание 3. Просмотрите видео «How Thermostats Work» необходи-

мое вам количество раз.

Расскажите о работе термостата.

OVERHEATING

Overheating may be due to a fault in the engine and, in a water cooled engine, overheating accompanied by loss of power water generally indicate a fault somewhere other than in the cooling system, such as weak mixture, retarded ignition, or binding brakes, possibly the handbrake. Overheating due to a fault in the cooling system could be caused simply by a low water level. A common cause is a broken fan belt.

Another cause of overheating is restriction of water flow due to a deposit of “fur” in the system, because of the calcium content of the rater being high. The deposit may be effectively removed by using one of the proprietary “fur” removers.

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Occasionally the radiator matrix, especially when it faces the direction of travel, becomes clogged with insects and dirt and its effeciency is in consequence reduced.

Задание 4. Переведите словосочетания с определениями, обра-

зованными по моделям.

СибАДИ63 N + N, Ved + N, Ving +N

Water cooled engine; cooling system; retarded ignition; binding brakes; water level; fan belt; water flow; calcium content; “fur” removers; radiator matrix.

Задан е 5. Расскаж те о причинах перегрева двигателя с водяным охлажден ем.

Задание 6. Просмотрите текст и озаглавьте его.

Air cooled engines run at very much higher temperature than water cooled engines do. Air cooled engines heat up more quickly than water cooled engines do and this reduces cylinder wear slightly; it also reduces fuel consumption during the heating – up period. Air cooling also eliminates the need for a radiator and its connecting hoses, thermostat and water cooled engine is the fact that it is very much quieter due to the noise deadening effect of the water jacket round the cylinder.

Задание 7. Найдите русские эквиваленты для следующих английских слов словосочетаний:

A) To run; to heat up; to reduce; cylinder wear; fuel consumption; to eliminate; to require; noise deadening effect.

B) Потребление топлива; снижать; работать; шумопоглощающий эффект; нагреваться; износ цилиндра; устранять; требовать.

Задание 8. Укажите преимущества и недостатки двигателя с…

a)воздушным охлаждением;

b)водяным охлаждением.

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Задание 9. Просмотрите текст “Antifreeze” и найдите ответы на вопросы.

1.Как может пострадать двигатель при отсутствии антифриза?

2.Каково соотношение воды и антифриза в системе охлаждения?

3.Какие 2 способа заправки системы охлаждения антифризом Вы

знаете?

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ANTI-FREEZE

In the winter time anti-freeze must be used; water alone will freeze in the coldest weather and the result of this is likely to be a cracked block. Long life anti-freeze is now obtainable and it is usual to keep it in the system in summer and winter.

It is best to flush out the system thoroughly before filling with fresh anti-freeze mixture of even if water was previously in the system. A common strength of the mixture is 25%, or one part anti-freeze to three parts water. Anti-freeze can be used in two ways. One is to mix the anti-freeze and water in the correct proportions in a large container and fill the system from this. Alternatively, knowing the water capacity of the cooling system, you find out how much anti-freeze is required and pour this into the drained system and then fill up to the correct level with clean water.

Задание 10. Укажите функции инфинитива в тексте “Anti-freeze”.

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Задание 2. Найдите соответствующий вариант перевода каждого английского словосочетания:

A) Internal friction; the moving parts of the engine; to prevent leakage; to maintain a film of protection; to thicken at low temperature; by pump pressure; to hold the surfaces apart;

LUBRICATION

Without the aid of the friction, an automobile could not move itself. Excessive friction in the automobile, however, would mean rapid destruction.

We cannot eliminate internal friction, but we do reduce it to a controllable degree by the use of friction reducing lubricant.

These lubricants are usually made of the same crude oil from which we obtain gasoline.

The petroleum oils are compounded with animal fats, vegetable oils and other ingredients to produce satisfactory oils and greases for automobile use.

Lubricating oils and greases are also manufactured from silicones and other materials and have no petroleum products in them.

Lubricating oil in an automobile engine has several tasks to perform: 1) to reduce the friction between the moving parts of the engine and thus to reduce the amount of destructive heat generated by excessive friction and to conserve the power that I would otherwise be wasted in over-

coming excessive friction;

2) to act as a seal and thus to prevent leakage between parts such as pistons, rings and cylinders;

3) to flow between friction generating parts and thus to carry away much of the heat;

4) to wash away the abrasive metal worn from friction surfaces. The engine oil must function whether the temperature is below zero or above 100 deg. F. This is contrary to the nature of petroleum products as they tend to thicken at low temperature and thin out at high temperature.

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