2. Cable- hoist system driven by a winch mounted on the tractor
a)канатно-блочная система, которая управляется лебедкой
b)канатно-блочная система, действующая от лебедки установленной на
тракторе
3. Hydraulic cylinders supplied with working fluid by a pump under pressure
гидравлические цилиндры, питаемые рабочей жидкостью под давлением
от насоса
гидравлические цилиндры, снабжаемые рабочей жидкостью
4. Bulldozers mounted on low-pressure air-tyred tractors
бульдозеры, смонтированные на колесных тягачах с шинами высокого
давления
в) бульдозеры, смонтированные на колесных тягачах с шинами низкого
давления
Помните, что «that» может быть:
а) указательным местоимением и переводится как «этот, эта, это».
Например: That bulldozer is very efficient in operation.
Этот бульдозер очень эффективен в работе.
б) союзом.
Например:That tower cranes are widely used in construction is a well-known fact То, что башенные краны широко используются в строительстве хорошо известный факт.
в) словом-заменителем для замены упомянутого ранее существительного.
Переводится тем слово, которое заменяет, или вообще не переводится.
Например: Bulldozers mounted on low-pressure air-tyred wheel tractors are be- coming more popular as their efficiency is higher than that of crawler bulldozers. Бульдозеры, смонтированные на колесных тягачах с шинами низкого давления, становятся более популярными, т.к. их производительность выше, чем производительность гусеничных бульдозеров.
Или: … так как их производительность выше, чем у гусеничных тракторов.
г) союзным словом.
Например; It is difficult to estimate beforehand the weight of the structures that have to be raised.
Трудно определить заранее вес груза, который должен быть поднят.
VIII. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the word “that”.
1. Air-tyred and truck-mounted cranes are provided with outriggers that increase the bearing surface of the crane.
2. That belt conveyors are widely used in construction is a well-known fact.
3. A mast elevator consists of a winch, a mast and a load-lifting platform that is raised by the winch and a hoisting rope.
4. Winches of that type develop a pull of up to 10 tons.
5. It should be noted that crawler cranes can operate without outriggers.
6. The efficiency of a rack-and-pinion jack is higher than that of a screw jack.
EARTH-MOVING MACHINES
B u l l d o z e r s
A bulldozer is a pendant attachment mounted on crawler and wheel tractors. In laying a roadbed bulldozers are employed to remove bushes, stumps and small trees, dig and transport soil from cuts to a pile, build fills, push soil from cuts to spoil banks, fill up trenches, ditches and pits, etc.
A bulldozer coupled with other machines can also be used for auxiliary jobs. It should be noted that in winter-time bulldozers are employed to remove snow from motor-roads, airfields and municipal squares. At a storage depot and at construction sites bulldozers transport, pile and load crushed stone, sand, gravel and other loose materials. Bulldozers can erect fills and dig cuts to a height or to a depth of up to 3 meters.
Bulldozers can be classified as follows:
a) by the mounting of the blade: fixed-blade bulldozers whose blade is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tractor and universal-blade bulldozers where the blade can be set either perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the machine or at angles to cast dirt to either side. A universal blade can push the earth forward and aside, fill up ditches and trenches and shape an earth bed;
b) by the control system: bulldozers with cable or hydraulic control.
In cable bulldozers the blade is raised and lowered by a cable hoist system driven by a winch mounted on the tractor.
In hydraulic bulldozers the blade is operated by hydraulic cylinders supplied with working fluid by a pump under pressure;
by the type of carrying vehicle: there are crawler and wheel tractors and special air-tyred tractors.
Bulldozers mounted on low-pressure air-tyred tractors are highly manoeuvrable and have almost the same cross-country capacity as crawler-mounted machines. They are becoming more popular as their efficiency on a number of jobs is 1.7 – 2 times higher than that of crawler bulldozers.
1. A bulldozer is a pendant attachment mounted
a) on a crawler tractor
b) on crawler and wheel tractors
2. In laying a roadbed bulldozers are employed
to remove bushes, stumps and small trees
to remove snow from motor roads
3. At storage depot and construction site bulldozers
push soil from cuts to spoil banks
transport, pile and load loose materials
4. In cable bulldozers the blade is raised and lowered by
a hydraulic cylinder
a cable hoist system
5. In hydraulic bulldozers the hydraulic cylinders are supplied with working fluid
by a mechanically operated pump
by a pump under pressure
1. In winter-time bulldozers … to remove snow from motor-roads.
2. Bulldozers … cuts to a depth of up to 3 metres.
3. Bulldozers … on low-pressure air-tyred tractors.
4. A universal blade … the earth forward and aside.
5. Bulldozers mounted on low-pressure air-tyred tractors … more popular.
6. The blade of a bulldozer … by a cable hoist system.
1. The efficiency … bulldozers … a number … jobs is high.
2. Bulldozers are classified …the type … carrying vehicle.
3. Cable hoist system is driven … a winch mounted … the tractor.
4. A pendant attachment is mounted …a crawler or wheel tractor.
5. In fixed-blade bulldozers the blade is perpendicular … the longitudinal axis …the tractor.
6. In universal blade bulldozers the blade can be set … angles to cast dirt … either side.
1. As far as I remember a universal blade can push the earth forward and aside.
2. I think a universal blade cannot shape an earth bed.
3. It is said that bulldozers mounted on low-pressure air-tyred tractors are becoming more popular.
4. I think that in fixed-blade bulldozers the blade is not perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the machine.
5. As far as I remember a bulldozer is a pendant attachment mounted on crawler and wheel tractors.
6. It seems to me that bulldozers cannot erect fills to a height of up to 3 meters.
7. It is proved that bulldozers can erect fills and dig cuts to a height or to a depth of up to three meters.
8. In my opinion in hydraulic bulldozers the blade is operated by hydraulic cylinders.
Model 1. What is a bulldozer ?
a jack
a hoist
a load moment
Model 2.What can you say about the use of bulldozers ?
multi-bucket loaders
single-bucket loaders
tower cranes
self-powered jib cranes
1. What is a bulldozer?
2. Where are bulldozers employed?
3. What are bulldozers used for in winter time?
4. What are bulldozers used for at storage depot and at construction sites?
5. How are bulldozers classified?
6. What control may bulldozers have?
7. What can you say about cable bulldozers?
8. What do you know about hydraulic bulldozers?
9. What bulldozers are becoming more popular?
10. Why are bulldozers mounted on low-pressure air-tyred tractors becoming more popular?
1. Следует отметить, что при сооружении земляного полотна бульдозеры могут перемещать грунт из выемок в отвал.
2. Считают, что бульдозеры могут возводить насыпи высотой до 3 метров.
3. Известно, что отвал у бульдозеров с канатным управлением поднимается и опускается канатно-блочной системой.
4. Универсальный отвал может перемещать грунт перед собой и в сторону.
5. По типу базовой машины бульдозеры могут быть смонтированы на гусеничных и колесных тракторах или на специальных колесных тягачах.
6. Мы знаем, что бульдозеры, смонтированные на колесных тягачах с шинами низкого давления, становятся более популярными.
Tractor Dozers
Construction equipment Division of Clark Equipment Co. has the new “Michigan” Model 280 Series III tractor dozer on rubber tyres. Featuring (характеризуясь) 8 forward and 4 reverse speeds, the dozer weighs 60,800 lb. (pounds - фунтов). It has a solid plate frame and it is 23 ft (feet) in overall length and 11 ft. wide. Featuring easy accessibility (доступность), clutches can be changed in 30 min. and most parts are reached from outside. Tyres are 29.5x29, 16 ply and the top speed is 24.8 mph (miles per hour).
Articulated Pusher-Dozer
Articulated pusher-dozer (толкач с шарнирным управлением) has hydraulic articulated steering with exceptional (исключительный) manoeuvrability and a turning radius less than overall length: results are 80 deg. total and 40 deg. to right and left. The operator is positioned “up-front” on forward section providing max. visibility as working area is directly in front. Push arms are positioned to outside of front wheels. Blade is 163 in. wide by 48 in. high with max. lift of 59 in. and digging depth to 14 in. below ground level.
Situation: You are preparing for the examination on earth-moving machines in English. You don`t know the theme “Bulldozers”. You ask your friend to explain it to you.
A. Can you tell me anything about bulldozers?
B. Yes, I can. A bulldozer is a pendant attachment mounted on crawler or wheel tractors.
A. I see. And how can they be classified?
B. As far as I know they are classified by the mounting of the blade, by the control system and by the type of carrying vehicle.
A. What bulldozers are popular now?
B. I think that bulldozers mounted on low-pressure air-tyred tractors are more popular at present.
A. But why?
B. Because their efficiency on a number of jobs is higher than that of crawler bulldozers.
A. I see, thank you.
B. Oh, you are welcome.
УРОК 8 LESSON EIGHT
Фонетика: Повторение чтения буквосочетания «TH».