Материал: anglish

2. Find Ukrainian equivalents of the words:

3. Read and translate following word-combinations into Ukrainian:

Design of large buildings

Constructions materials

To operate machinery of all types

electric power and signals

engineering problems

electronic circuits

important developments

to transmit power

to reduce power losses

communication systems

speed of computer operations

techniques of modern shipbuilding

particular requirements of production

to withstand the high temperatures

to reduce accidents

What is Engineering. Realms of Engineering.

In general, engineering is a science that deals with design, construction and operation of structures, machines, engines, and other devices. Engineer is a person who has received technical education and has a basic knowledge of other engineering field, because most engineering problems are complex and interrelated. The term engineering is difficult to translate into Ukrainian because it has a lot of meaning. Most often it is translated as: інженерна справа, техніка, машинобудування, будування. There exist the following main branches of engineering:

• Civil engineering

• Mechanical Engineering:

Engineers in this field design, test, build, and operate machinery of all types. The field is divided into:

1. machine – tools, mechanisms, materials, hydraulics and pneumatics.

2. heat as applied to engines, work and energy, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning.

3. A mechanical engineer must be trained in mechanics and hydraulics, metallurgy and machine design. A mechanical engineer designs not only the machines that make products but the products themselves.

• Electrical and Electronics Engineering

• Aeronautical and Aerospace Engineering

• Communications and Control

• Computers engineering

• Naval Engineering

• Nuclear Engineering

• Safety Engineering

• Chemical Engineering:

This branch of engineering is concerned with the design, construction, and management of factories in which the essential processes consist of chemical reactions. It is mainly involved with the manufacture and properties of materials such as fuels, plastics, rubber, explosives, paints and cleaners.

The chemical engineer is well grounded in both basic and engineering chemistry and apart the production of special materials, may be involved in such areas, as combustion, recycling of waste products, and air and water pollution. The task of the chemical engineer is to select and specify the design that will best meet the particular requirements of production for the new applications.

Ask a number of people chosen at random what the word “engineering” conveys to them and you will be surprised at the differences in their answers. Better still, ask a number of students of engineering college why they have chosen to study for the engineering profession. It soon becomes clear that few have given it much thought or inquired in any depth it much thought or inquired in any depth as to what it is all about. A student may feel, because of his ability to fix automobiles, that he has a mechanical bent and that he could well become a successful engineer as a result of this aptitude.

However, he should realize that what he learns at the university will not help much around the garage and he is more likely to end up behind a desk than with a wrench in his hand. The question is difficult to clarify in a few words, and precise definitions are difficult to find. Perhaps an adequate starting paint would be to claim that engineering is a profession concerned with the application of the resources of the universe to create devices, system, and structures to satisfy the needs of mankind. This is a very general and not completely satisfactory definition. After all, craftsmen who make violins, for example, do not look on themselves as engineers. Further, many engineers are engaged in task not clearly identifiable with particular devices, systems or structures. An easy out is to let the existing curricula in engineering college around the country define the substance of engineering. Undoubtedly, the people who use the concepts and techniques presented in such curricula to satisfy man’s needs are mostly engineers. The usual structure of engineering curricula includes four main components. First come the basic sciences of physics, chemistry, and mathematics. Then a block of humanities courses is required. The engineering courses fall in the general areas of mechanics of solids, properties of materials, mechanics of fluids, thermodynamics, electrical science, and system. Finally come the design courses which put it all together. It is this design discipline which exemplifies engineering in action, for it illustrates how engineers solve practical problems by applying their scientific knowledge and skill in the decision-making process. This is how engineers adapt science to human needs.

Vocabulary

engineering – техніка, інженерно-будівельна галузь, машинобудування

convey – висловлювати, передавати ідею, думку

enroll – зараховувати, приймати до навчання у вуз

at random – наугад, випадково

inquire – розглядати, досліджувати

ability – здатність

fix – ремонтувати

bent – нахил до

aptitude (fix) – здатність

realize – усвідомлювати, розуміти

likely – ймовірно

wrench – гайковий ключ

clarify – з’ясовувати

precise – точний

definition – визначання

concern – стосуватися

application – застосування

universe – всесвіт

completely – повністю, цілком

craftsman – майстер своєї справи, спеціаліст

be engaged in – займатися (справою)

curricula – навчальні плани, програми

substance – суть, зміст

fall in – ділитися на

put together – об’єднувати

exemplify – бути прикладом

solve – вирішувати

adapt – пристосовувати

На розвороті робочого зошита накресліть таку таблицю:

Розпочніть її заповнення, використовуючи подані вище слова. Надалі заповнюйте її регулярно, коли знаходитимете нові засоби словотворення.Перекладіть вищенаведені слова рідною мовою та доповніть таблицю словотворення:

Word study

Ex. I. Find equivalents to the following phrases.

Властивості матеріалів; процес приймання рішень; застосувати знання та вміння; створювати приклади; по всій країні; нахил до механіки; зараховувати/ набирати студентів; вибрані наугад; гуманітарні науки; професія, яка зв’язана з застосуванням ресурсів; задовольняти потреби людини; відмінності в їх відповідях; які зайняті в вирішенні цих задач; глибоко досліджувати;

включати 4 основні компоненти; легкий вихід; представлений в навчальних планах; бо, тому що це ілюструє; об’єднувати всі ресурси.

Ex. II. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Це питання важливо пояснити декількома словами.

2. Важливо знати точне визначення даного явища.

3. Навчальні плани, які існують в інженерних коледжах в усій країні визначають сутність інженерної справи.

4. Ми опитали ряд людей, які були вибрані наугад.

5. Скільки студентів зараховують на ваш факультет кожного року?

6. Він має нахил до механіки.

7. Завдяки цій здатності він може стати успішним інженером.

8. Професія інженера пов’язана з застосуванням ресурсів всесвіту для створення приладів, системи і структур з метою задоволення потреб людини.

9. Навчальний план вимагав 4 основних компонента.

10. Це занадто загальне визначення.

11. Інженери вирішують практичні проблеми, застосовуючи свої знання і уміння в процесі приймання рішень.

12. Таким чином інженери застосовують наукові знання, задовольняючи потреби людей.

Comprehension Check

Answer the following questions:

1. Why do students choose the profession of an engineer?

2. What is engineering profession concerned with? (Give the general definition)

3. What are the necessary components of the engineering curricula?

4. Are three only technical subjects in the curricula of the technical higher education institutions?

5. Is engineering a science?

6. How can we translate the word “engineering”?

7. What do mechanical engineers deal with?

8. What knowledge is necessary for a mechanical engineer?

9. What is the task of chemical engineers?

People and their positions at the plant

Here are some facts about the machine-building plant and people working there. The plant is a truly huge enterprise where machines do all the hard work and people operate them.

In the high and huge shops hundreds of mechanical devices act with precision. The machine assembly transforms metal into complex machine parts.

A lot of people work in different shops such as the foundry, the forge, the engineering and the assembling shops and they also can have different positions there. They are workers, operators, controllers, masters-technologists, engineers and others. They like machines, machine tools and instruments.

A few people walk quietly round the machines and perform such operations as turning or milling. They are workers. They work with parts and tools, they are handy with them.

Some people check the machine operations. These are operators. They operate separate machines. They keep them working at just the right speed. Every operator is a very skilled technician with a wide knowledge of machines. If any trouble arises, the operator determines the damage and repairs it quickly, in seconds. He changes tools and starts the device again. But to repair damage is only a part of his job. To prevent stoppages is even much more important.

The controllers are well trained people too. A controller sits at a desk. He merely watches the glass panel on which he sees the entire machine assembly in graphic form. As he knows the connection between the various working processes, he directs various sections and shops of the plant.

The mechanical inspector or the master-technologist not only checks the precision of the complex parts but sorts them out in different sizes.

A foreman is in charge of organization, direction, he controls the characteristics of the production made at the shop.

An engineering-programmer is responsible for material processing with programmed numerical control and automated lines he performs the precise program for the machine tool.

All these profession are interesting. We can say that all these people are sculptors on metal.

Vocabulary

technology – технологія

machine-building plant – машинобудівний завод

enterprise – підприємство

shop – цех

tool – інструмент

tool machine – верстат

part – деталь

metal processing – обробка металу

worker – робітник

operator – оператор

controller – контролер

foreman – майстер

technologist – технолог

engineering-programmer – інженер-програміст

precision – точність

precise – точний

1. Answer the questions

1. Should every operator be a very skilled technician with a wide knowledge of machines?

2. What is the job of the operator?

3. What does the controller do at the automatic plant?

4. What for machines are used at the automatic plant?

2. Match the position with the description of their responsibilities