Материал: Uverennost_v_sebe_Kak_povysit_samootsenku_pr
: « . , » 11
,
. {22}.
,
. ,
. , ,
, ,
. ,
,
.
0,60, , , 80 %,
, 80 %
.
, 0, :
, , ,
, , 50 %. ,
{23}.
:
. ,
– , , ,
,
. ,
.
–
, ,
, « », .
, ? « »,
,
, , . ,
.
, ,
.
, – « ».
, , {24}, , «
22
E. Diener, B. Wolsic, and F. Fujita, “Physical Attractiveness and Subjective Well-being,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 69, no. 1 (1995): 120–29.
23
Baumeister et al., “Does High Self-esteem Cause Better Performance,” 8. 24. I. Schmidt, I. Berg, and B. Deelman, “Prospective Memory Training in Older Adults,” Educational Gerontology 27, no. 6 (2001): 455–78.
24
Schmidt, I., Berg, I. & Deelman, B. “Prospective Memory Training in Older Adults,” Educational Gerontology 27, no. 6 (2001): 455–78.
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
: « . , » 12
»{25}. «
»{26}. , , ,
, {27}, ,
, {28}. ,
. , 90 % , «
»{29}, 90 % , «
»{30}, 100 %
« »{31}. ,
, « »,
: , 90 100 % «
»,
{32}.
, , ,
« », …
, « » ,
,
{33}. « »
25
V. Hoorens and P. Harris, “Distortions in Reports of Health Behaviors: The Time Span Effect and Illusory Superiority,” Psychology and Health 13, no. 3 (1998): 451–66.
26
L. Larwood and W. Whittaker, “Managerial Myopia: Self-serving Biases in Organizational Planning,” Journal of Applied Psychology 62, no. 2 (1977): 194–98.
27
R. B. Felson, “Ambiguity and Bias in the Self-concept,” Social Psychology Quarterly 44, no. 1 (1981): 64–69.
28
Y. Endo, S. Heine, and D. Lehman, “Culture and Positive Illusions in Close Relationships: How My Relationships Are Better Than Yours,” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 26, no. 12 (2000): 1571–86.
29
O. Svenson, “Are We All Less Risky and More Skillful Than Our Fellow Drivers?” Acta Psychologica 47, no. 2 (1981): 143–48.
30
College Board, “Student Descriptive Questionnaire” (Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service, 1976–1977).
31
K. P. Cross, “Not Can, But Will College Teaching Be Improved?” New Directions for Higher Education 17 (1977): 1–15.
32
, , .
, , :
, ,
. , , ,
« ». :
,
.
, ,
.
33
: « . , » 13
.
,
.
, :
,
. ,
, ;
, ,
,
»{34}.
, ,
. ,
, ,
. ,
,
, , , :
, ,
,
»{35}.
« » ,
.
,
. .
( , IQ, ,
, . .) .
, IQ, ,
100, 115, – 130, – 145, . .
IQ, ,
. ,
0,20, ,
.
–
J. Friedrich,“On Seeing Oneself as Less Self-serving Than Others: The Ultimate Self-serving Bias?” Teaching of Psychology 23, no. 2 (1996): 107–9.
34
E. Pronin, D. Y. Lin, and L. Ross, “The Bias Blind Spot: Perceptions of Bias in Self Versus Others,” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 28, no. 3 (2002): 369–81.
35
Ibid., 378.
: PRESSI ( HERSON )
: « . , » 14
« » –
.
.
,
, , ,
,
… “
” ,
, »{36}.
, , –
, . ,
,
. .
• 1960- ( , « ») ,
. , ,
. 1960 .
; . ,
,
, 25 % ,
{37}.
•
, , 10
,
{38}. ,
, ,
.
•
.
( « »),
– .
, ,
:
.
, ,
. ,
( ,
36
T. Sharot, “The Optimism Bias,” Current Biology 21, no. 23 (2011): R941–45.
37
University of California, San Diego, “California’s Leadership in Tobacco Control Resulted in Lower Lung Cancer Rate, Study Finds,” ScienceDaily, September 29, 2010, http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/09/100929142131.htm.
38
D. Thompson, The Fix (London, UK: Harper Collins, 2012).
: « . , » 15
), ,
, .
,
. ,
,
.
130 18-
), ,
. ,
, , , ,
, , ,
.
( 23- ) .
,
. –
( ,
). , ,
18 , 23
. , ,
. , , 18 ,
, , . ,
( ) ,
. , ,
18 , 23
( : « »
»). , ,
, {39}.
23 , 18- ,
.
,
. , , 23
, ( ,
23 ). , ,
. , 23- ,
, ,
, {40}.
, ,
. (70
70 )
39
C. Colvin, J. Block, and D. C. Funder, “Overly Positive Self-Evaluations and Personality: Negative Implications for Mental Health,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 68, no. 6 (1995):1152–62.
40
Ibid., 1156.
: PRESSI ( HERSON )