77.Brown KK, Rehmus WE, Kimball AB. Determining the relative importance of patient motivations for nonadherence to topical corticosteroid therapy in psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;55:607-13.
78.Storm A, Andersen SE, Benfeldt E, Serup J. One in 3 prescriptions are never redeemed: primary nonadherence in an outpatient clinic. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008;59:27-33.
79.Feldman SR, Horn EJ, Balkrishnan R, Basra MK, Finlay AY, McCoy D, et al. Psoriasis: improving adherence to topical therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008;59:1009-16.
80.Savary J, Ortonne JP, Aractingi S. The right dose in the right place: an overview of current prescription, instruction and application modalities for topical psoriasis treatments. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2005;19(Suppl):14-7.
81.Koek MB, Buskens E, van Weelden H, Steegmans PH, Bruijnzeel-Koomen CA, Sigurdsson V. Home versus outpatient ultraviolet B phototherapy for mild to severe psoriasis: pragmatic multicenter randomized controlled non-inferiority trial (PLUTO study). BMJ 2009;338:b1542.
82.Lebwohl M, Drake L, Menter A, Koo J, Gottlieb AB, Zanolli M, et al. Consensus conference: acitretin in combination with UVB or PUVA in the treatment of psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;45:544-53.
83.Segal BM, Constantinescu CS, Raychaudhuri A, Kim L, FidelusGort R, Kasper LH. Repeated subcutaneous injections of IL12/23 p40 neutralizing antibody, ustekinumab, in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a phase II, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, dose-ranging study. Lancet Neurol 2008;7:796-804.
84.Miller DW, Feldman SR. Cost-effectiveness of moderate-tosevere psoriasis treatment. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2006; 7:157-67.
85.Sivanesan SP, Gattu S, Hong J, Chavez-Frazier A, Bandow GD, Malick F, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled evaluation of the efficacy of oral psoralen plus ultraviolet A for the treatment of plaque-type psoriasis using the Psoriasis Area Severity Index score (improvement of 75% or greater) at 12 weeks. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009; 61:793-8.
86.Van Weelden H, Baart de la Faille H, Young E, van der Leun JC. Comparison of narrowband UV-B phototherapy and PUVA photochemotherapy in the treatment of psoriasis. Acta Derm Venereol 1990;70:212-5.
87.Hofer A, Fink-Puches R, Kerl H, Wolf P. Comparison of phototherapy with near vs far erythemogenic doses of narrow-band ultraviolet B in patients with psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 1998;138:96-100.
88.Tanew A, Radakovic-Fijan S, Schemper M, Honigsmann H. Narrowband UV-B phototherapy vs photochemotherapy in the treatment of chronic plaque-type psoriasis: a paired comparison study. Arch Dermatol 1999;135:519-24.
89.Markham T, Rogers S, Collins P, Narrowband UV- B. (TL-01)phototherapy vs oral 8- methoxypsoralen psoralen-UV-A for the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis. Arch Dermatol 2003;139:325-8.
90.Gordon PM, Diffey BL, Matthews JN, Farr PM. A randomized comparison of narrow-band TL-01 phototherapy and PUVA photochemotherapy for psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999; 41:728-32.
91.Yones SS, Palmer RA, Garibaldinos TT, Hawk JL. Randomized double-blind trial of the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis: efficacy of psoralen-UV-A therapy vs narrowband UV-B therapy. Arch Dermatol 2006;142:836-42.
92.Nijsten TE, Stern RS. The increased risk of skin cancer is persistent after discontinuation of psoralen 1 ultraviolet A: a cohort study. J Invest Dermatol 2003;121: 252-8.
93.Murase JE, Lee EE, Koo J. Effect of ethnicity on the risk of developing nonmelanoma skin cancer following long-term PUVA therapy. Int J Dermatol 2005;44:1016-21.
94.Stern RS, Lunder EJ. Risk of squamous cell carcinoma and methoxsalen (psoralen) and UV- A radiation (PUVA): a metaanalysis. Arch Dermatol 1998;134:1582-5.
95.Marcil I, Stern RS. Squamous-cell cancer of the skin in patients given PUVA and cyclosporin: nested cohort crossover study. Lancet 2001;358:1042-5.
61
96.McKenna DB, Murphy GM. Skin cancer chemoprophylaxis in renal transplant recipients: 5 years of experience using lowdose acitretin. Br J Dermatol 1999;140:656-60.
97.McNamara IR, Muir J, Galbraith AJ. Acitretin for prophylaxis of cutaneous malignancies after cardiac transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2002;21:1201-5.
98.Morison WL, Baughman RD, Day RM, Forbes PD, Hoenigsmann H, Krueger GG, et al. Consensus workshop on the toxic effects of long-term PUVA therapy. Arch Dermatol 1998;134: 595-8.
99.Lindelof B. Risk of melanoma with psoralen/ultraviolet A therapy for psoriasis: do the known risks now outweigh the benefits? Drug Saf 1999;20:289-97.
100.Stern RS, Nichols KT, Vakeva LH. Malignant melanoma in patients treated for psoriasis with methoxsalen (psoralen) and ultraviolet A radiation (PUVA): the PUVA follow-up study. N Engl J Med 1997;336:1041-5.
101.Forman AB, Roenigk HH Jr, Caro WA, Magid ML. Long-term follow-up of skin cancer in the PUVA-48 cooperative study. Arch Dermatol 1989;125:515-9.
102.Chuang TY, Heinrich LA, Schultz MD, Reizner GT, Kumm RC, Cripps DJ. PUVA and skin cancer: a historical cohort study on 492 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992;26:173-7.
103.Wolff K. Should PUVA be abandoned? N Engl J Med 1997;336: 1090-1.
104.Malanos D, Stern RS. Psoralen plus ultraviolet A does not increase the risk of cataracts: a 25-year prospective study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007;57:231-7.
105.Dawe RS. A quantitative review of studies comparing the efficacy of narrow-band and broad-band ultraviolet B for psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2003;149:669-72.
106.Farley E, Masrour S, McKey J, Menter A. Palmoplantar psoriasis: a phenotypical and clinical review with introduction of a new quality-of-life assessment tool. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009;60:1024-31.
107.Spuls PI, Hadi S, Rivera L, Lebwohl M. Retrospective analysis of the treatment of psoriasis of the palms and soles. J Dermatolog Treat 2003;14(Suppl):21-5.
108.Rozenblit M, Lebwohl M. New biologics for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Dermatol Ther 2009;22:56-60.
109.Ko JM, Gottlieb AB, Kerbleski JF. Induction and exacerbation of psoriasis with TNFblockade therapy: a review and analysis of 127 cases. J Dermatolog Treat 2009;20:100-8.
110.Allan SJ, Kavanagh GM, Herd RM, Savin JA. The effect ofinositol supplements on the psoriasis of patients taking lithium: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 2004;150:966-9.
111.Gelfand JM, Troxel AB, Lewis JD, Kurd SK, Shin DB, WangX, et al. The risk of mortality in patients with psoriasis: results from a population-based study. Arch Dermatol 2007;143:1493-
112.Gollnick HP. Oral retinoidseefficacy and toxicity in psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 1996;135(Suppl):6-17.
113.Griffiths CE, Dubertret L, Ellis CN, Finlay AY, Finzi AF, Ho VC, et al. Cyclosporin in psoriasis clinical practice: an international consensus statement. Br J Dermatol 2004;150(Suppl): 11-23.
114.Paul CF, Ho VC, McGeown C, Christophers E, Schmidtmann B, Guillaume JC, et al. Risk of malignancies in psoriasis patients treated with cyclosporine: a 5 y cohort study. J Invest Dermatol 2003;120:211-6.
115.Miele L, Vallone S, Cefalo C, La Torre G, Di Stasi C, Vecchio FM, et al. Prevalence, characteristics and severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. J Hepatol 2009;51:778-86.
116.Pollono EN, Lopez-Olivo MA, Lopez JA, Suarez-Almazor ME. A systematic review of the effect of TNF-alpha antagonists on lipid profiles in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2010;29:947-55.
62
117.Menter A, Feldman SR, Weinstein GD, Papp K, Evans R, Guzzo C, et al. A randomized comparison of continuous vs intermittent infliximab maintenance regimens over 1 year in the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2007;56:31, e1-15.
118.Massarotti M, Marasini B. Successful treatment with etanercept of a patient with psoriatic arthritis after adalimumabrelated hepatotoxicity. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2009; 22:547-9.
119.Reich K, Nestle FO, Papp K, Ortonne JP, Evans R, Guzzo C, et al. Infliximab induction and maintenance therapy for moderate-to-severe psoriasis: a phase III, multicenter, double-blind trial. Lancet 2005;366:1367-74.
120.Comte C, Guilhou JJ, Guillot B, Dereure O. Rapid onset and fatal outcome of two squamous cell carcinomas of the genitalia in a patient treated with etanercept for cutaneous psoriasis. Dermatology 2008;217:284-5.
121.Ly L, Czarnecki D. The rapid onset of multiple squamous cell carcinomas during etanercept treatment for psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2007;157:1076-8.
122.Fryrear RS II, Wiggins AK, Sangueza O, Yosipovitch G. Rapid onset of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the penis in a patient with psoriasis on etanercept therapy. J Am AcadDermatol 2004;51:1026.
123.Wolfe F, Michaud K. Biologic treatment of rheumatoidarthritis and the risk of malignancy: analyses from a large US observational study. Arthritis Rheum 2007;56:2886-95.
124.Jacobsson LT, Turesson C, Nilsson JA, Petersson IF, Lindqvist E, Saxne T, et al. Treatment with TNF blockers and mortality risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2007;66:670-5.
125.Paller AS, Siegfried EC, Langley RG, Gottlieb AB, Pariser D, Landells I, et al. Etanercept treatment for children and adolescents with plaque psoriasis. N Engl J Med 2008;358:241-51.
126.Clark L, Lebwohl M. The effect of weight on the efficacy ofbiologic therapy in patients with psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2008;58:443-6.
127.Menter A, Gordon KB, Leonardi CL, Gu Y, Goldblum OM. Efficacy and safety of adalimumab across subgroups of patients with moderate to severe psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010;63:448-56.
128.Carter JD, Ladhani A, Ricca LR, Valeriano J, Vasey FB. A safety assessment of tumor necrosis factor antagonists during pregnancy: a review of the Food and Drug Administration database. J Rheumatol 2009;36:635-41.
129.Rosenbach M, Hsu S, KormanNJ Lebwohl MG, Young M, Bebo BF Jr, et al. Treatment of erythrodermic psoriasis: from the medical board of the National Psoriasis Foundation. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010;62:655-62.
130.Boyd AS, Menter A. Erythrodermic psoriasis: precipitating factors, course, and prognosis in
50patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989;21:985-91.
131.Studio Italiano Multicentrico nella Psoriasi (SIMPSO). Management of erythrodermic psoriasis with low-dose cyclosporin. Dermatology 1993;187(Suppl):30-7.
132.Morris LF, Harrod MJ, Menter MA, Silverman AK. Methotrexate and reproduction in men: case report and recommendations. J Am Acad Dermatol 1993;29:913-6.
133.Richetta AG, Maiani E, Carlomagno V, Carboni V, Mattozzi C, Giancristoforo S, et al. Treatment of erythrodermic psoriasis in HCV1 patient with adalimumab. Dermatol Ther 2009;22 (Suppl):S16-8.
134.Santos-Juanes J, Coto-Segura P, Mas-Vidal A, Galache Osuna C. Ustekinumab induces rapid clearing of erythrodermic psoriasis after failure of antitumor necrosis factor therapies. Br J Dermatol 2010;162:1144-6.
135.Hearn RM, Kerr AC, Rahim KF, Ferguson J, Dawe RS. Incidence
of skin cancers in 3867 patients treated with narrow-band ultraviolet B phototherapy. Br J Dermatol 2008;159:931-5.
136. Paul BS, Momtaz K, Stern RS, Arndt KA, Parrish JA. Combined methotrexateeultraviolet B therapy in the treatment of psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1982;7:758-62.
63
137.Asawanonda P, Nateetongrungsak Y. Methotrexate plus narrowband UVB phototherapy versus narrowband UVB phototherapy alone in the treatment of plaque-type psoriasis: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2006;54:1013-8.
138.Morison WL, Momtaz K, Parrish JA, Fitzpatrick TB. Combined methotrexate-PUVA therapy in the treatment of psoriasis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1982;6:46-51.
139.Nijsten TE, Stern RS. Oral retinoid use reduces cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma risk in patients with psoriasis treated with psoralen-UVA: a nested cohort study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003;49:644-50.
140.Kircik L, Bagel J, Korman N, Menter A, Elmets CA, Koo J, et al. Utilization of narrowband ultraviolet light B therapy and etanercept for the treatment of psoriasis (UNITE): efficacy, safety, and patient-reported outcomes. J Drugs Dermatol 2008;7:245-53.
141.Ortonne JP, Khemis A, Koo JY, Choi J. An open-label study of alefacept plus ultraviolet B light as combination therapy for chronic plaque psoriasis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2005; 19:556-63.
142.Legat FJ, Hofer A, Wackernagel A, Salmhofer W, Quehenberger F, Kerl H, et al. Narrowband UV-B phototherapy, alefacept, and clearance of psoriasis. Arch Dermatol 2007; 143:1016-22.
143.Edmundson WF, Guy WB. Treatment of psoriasis with folic acid antagonists. AMA Arch Derm 1958;78:200-3.
144.Van Dooren-Greebe RJ, Kuijpers AL, Mulder J, De Boo T, Van de Kerkhof PC. Methotrexate revisited: effects of long-term treatment in psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 1994;130: 204-
145.Kalb RE, Strober B, Weinstein G, Lebwohl M. Methotrexate and psoriasis: 2009 National Psoriasis Foundation Consensus Conference. J Am Acad Dermatol 2009;60:824-37.
146.Rosenberg P, Urwitz H, Johannesson A, Ros AM, Lindholm J, Kinnman N, et al. Psoriasis patients with diabetes type 2 are at high risk of developing liver fibrosis during methotrexate treatment. J Hepatol 2007;46:1111-8.
147.Aithal GP. Dangerous liaisons: drug, host and the environment. J Hepatol 2007;46:995-8.
148.Chalmers RJ, Kirby B, Smith A, Burrows P, Little R, Horan M, et al. Replacement of routine liver biopsy by procollagen III aminopeptide for monitoring patients with psoriasis receiving long-term methotrexate: a multicenter audit and health economic analysis. Br J Dermatol 2005;152:444-50.
149.Amor K, Ryan C, Menter A. The use of cyclosporine in dermatology: part I. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010;63:925-46.
150.Ryan C, Amor K, Menter A. The use of cyclosporine in dermatology: part II. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010;63:949-72.
151.Timonen P, Friend D, Abeywickrama K, Laburte C, von Graffenried B, Feutren G. Efficacy of low-dose cyclosporine A in psoriasis: results of dose-finding studies. Br J Dermatol 1990;122(Suppl):33-9.
152.Faerber L, Braeutigam M, Weidinger G, Mrowietz U, Christophers E, Schulze HJ, et al. Cyclosporine in severe psoriasis: results of a meta-analysis in 579 patients. Am J Clin Dermatol 2001;2:41-7.
153.Ozawa A, Ohkido M, Haruki Y, Kobayashi H, Ohkawara A, Ohno Y, et al. Treatments of generalized pustular psoriasis: a multicenter study in Japan. J Dermatol 1999;26:141-9.
154.Buccheri L, Katchen BR, Karter AJ, Cohen SR. Acitretin therapy is effective for psoriasis associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Arch Dermatol 1997;133:711-5.
155.Vahlquist A. Long-term safety of retinoid therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 1992;27(Suppl):S29-33.
156.DiGiovanna JJ, Sollitto RB, Abangan DL, Steinberg SM, Reynolds JC. Osteoporosis is a toxic effect of long-term etretinate therapy. Arch Dermatol 1995;131:1263-7.
64
157.Gordon KB, Vaishnaw AK, O’Gorman J, Haney J, Menter A. Treatment of psoriasis with alefacept: correlation of clinical improvement with reductions of memory T-cell counts. Arch Dermatol 2003;139:1563-70.
158.Suarez-Farinas M, Shah KR. HaiderAS, Krueger JG, Lowes MA. Personalized medicine in psoriasis: developing a genomic classifier to predict histological response to alefacept. BMC Dermatol 2010;10:1.
159.Pink AE, Fonia A, Allen MH, Smith CH, Barker JN. Antinuclear antibodies associate with loss of response to antitumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy in psoriasis: a retrospective, observational study. Br J Dermatol 2010; 162:780-5.
160.Wallis RS, Broder MS, Wong JY, Hanson ME, Beenhouwer DO. Granulomatous infectious diseases associated with tumor necrosis factor antagonists. Clin Infect Dis 2004;38: 1261-5.
161.Langley RG, Strober BE, Gu Y, Rozzo SJ, Okun MM. Benefit-risk assessment of tumor necrosis factor antagonists in the treatment of psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2010;62:1349-58.
162.Gordon K, Leonardi C, Lebwohl M. The ustekinumab safety experience in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis: results from pooled analyses of phase 2 and phase 3 clinical trial data. Poster P 1170 presented at European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology Annual Congress; October 7-11, 2009; Berlin, Germany.
163.Aydin F, Canturk T, Senturk N, Turanli AY. Methotrexate and cyclosporin combination for the treatment of severe psoriasis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2006;31:520-4.
164.Clark CM, Kirby B, Morris AD, Davison S, Zaki I, Emerson R, et al. Combination treatment with methotrexate and cyclosporine for severe recalcitrant psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 1999; 141:279-82.
165.Lowenthal KE, Horn PJ, Kalb RE. Concurrent use of methotrexate and acitretin revisited. J Dermatolog Treat 2008;19: 22-6.
166.Cather JC, Menter A. Combining traditional agents and biologics for the treatment of psoriasis. Semin Cutan Med Surg 2005;24:37-45.
167.Yamauchi PS, Lowe NJ. Etanercept therapy allows the tapering of methotrexate and sustained clinical responses in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis. Int J Dermatol 2008;47:202-4.
168.Maini RN, Breedveld FC, Kalden JR, Smolen JS, Davis D, Macfarlane JD, et al. Therapeutic efficacy of multiple intravenous infusions of anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody combined with low-dose weekly methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1998;41:1552-63.
169.Atzeni F, Sarzi-Puttini P. Autoantibody production in patients treated with anti-TNF-alpha. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2008;4: 275-80.
170.Hamilton TK. Treatment of psoriatic arthritis and recalcitrant skin disease with combination therapy. J Drugs Dermatol 2008;7:1089-93.
171.Robinson MR, Korman BD, Korman NJ. Combination immunosuppressive
therapies: the promise and the peril. Arch Dermatol 2007;143:1053-7.
172.Griffiths CE, Powles AV, McFadden J, Baker BS, Valdimarsson H, Fry L. Long-term cyclosporin for psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 1989;120:253-60.
173.Gottlieb SL, Heftler NS, Gilleaudeau P, Johnson R, Vallat VP, Wolfe J, et al. Short-contact anthralin treatment augmentstherapeutic efficacy of cyclosporine in psoriasis: a clinical and pathologic study. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995;33:637-45.
174.Grossman RM, Thivolet J, Claudy A, Souteyrand P, Guilhou JJ, Thomas P, et al. A novel therapeutic approach to psoriasis with combination calcipotriol ointment and very low-dose cyclosporine: results of a multicenter placebo-controlled study. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994;31:68-74.
175.Ameen M, Smith HR, Barker JN. Combined mycophenolate mofetil and cyclosporin therapy for severe recalcitrant psoriasis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2001;26:480-3.
176.Griffiths CE, Finlay AY, Fleming CJ, Barker JN, Mizzi F, Arsonnaud S. A randomized, investigator-masked clinical evaluation of the efficacy and safety of clobetasol propionate 0.05%
65