Материал: 2582
Безличные и неопределенно-личные предложения
Английские предложения отличаются от русских тем, что в них всегда есть подлежащее и сказуемое. Поэтому в безличных предложениях в качестве формального подлежащего используется местоимение it:
It is cold today. – Сегодня холодно. It rains. – Идет дождь. It's nice to meet you.
Приятно познакомиться. – It is nine o'clock now. – Сейчас девять часов. Вопросительная и отрицательная формы безличных предложений
образуются по тем же правилам, что и вопросительные и отрицательные формы предложений с именным составным сказуемым. Частица not ставится после первого вспомогательного глагола.
Например: Is it cold today? – Сегодня холодно? It wasn't interesting. – Это было не интересно. Isn't it funny? – Разве это не смешно?
Оборот there is / there are
Оборот there is / there are служит для выражения наличия (отсутствия) какого-либо предмета в определенном месте или в определенное время. Выбор формы глагола to be зависит от числа существительного, следующего сразу за ним: There is a chair and two armchairs in the room. There are two armchairs and a chair in the room.
Вопросительные предложения с оборотом there is / there are строятся следующим образом:
Общий вопрос: Is there anything in the bag? Will there be classes tomorrow? Специальный вопрос: What is there in the bag?
Задание 2. Выберите правильный вариант ответа:
1) What_________ you_________ next weekend? |
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a) do ... do |
b) are ... doing |
2)_________it often________ here in winter? |
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a) Does ... snow |
b) Is ... snowing |
3)_________you_________ to make sandwiches? |
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a) Do ... go |
b) Are ... going |
4)_________your mother_________ listening to classical music? |
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a) Does .... enjoy |
b) Is ... enjoying |
5) Where____________ from? |
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a) do ... come |
b) are ... coming |
6) Do you know when they___________ on a trip? |
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a) go |
b) are going |
7)___________you_________ with me? |
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a) Don't... agree |
b) Aren't... agreeing |
8)____you_____ how to settle the matter? |
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a) Do ... know |
b) Are ... knowing |
9) What______ you________ to tell me? |
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a) do ... want |
b) are ... wanting |
10) Who______ she______ with? I don't know that boy. |
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a) does ... dance |
b) is ... dancing |
11) |
She_______ a nice dress today. |
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a) wears |
b) is wearing |
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12) |
The plane_____ at 2 p.m. |
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a) takes off |
b) is taking off at 2 p.m. |
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13) |
Look! She_________ for someone. |
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a) waits |
b) is waiting |
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14) |
He often________ on business to Germany. |
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a) goes |
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b) is going |
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15) |
She usually______________ bright clothes. |
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a) wears |
b) is wearing |
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16) |
He___________ annoying questions! |
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a) constantly asks |
b) is constantly asking |
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17) |
Our firm_______ office equipment. |
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a) produces |
b) is producing |
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18) |
I_________ a birthday party next Saturday. Would you like to come? |
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a) have |
b) am having |
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19) |
We will have to __________ with the problem of traffic control. |
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а) identify |
b) satisfy |
c) buy |
d) deal |
20) |
The research indicates that _________ motorists are following now traffic rules. |
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а) highly |
b) better |
c) best |
d) more |
21) |
Last century Great Britain adopted a decimal currency system in which one |
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_______ is worth one hundred pence. |
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а) pound |
b) banknote |
c) dollar |
d) penny |
Задание 3. Дополните микродиалог:
How long is the study expected to last? – ______________________________. а) We began a pilot study on June, 5. c) It is going to cost much more. b) We should finish it in three weeks. d) It sounds great.
Задание 4. Перед Вами бланк. Соотнесите информацию под определенным номером с тем, что она обозначает
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а) three weeks |
c) Marketing Manager b) 30 May, 2007 d) China |
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1) |
Forename(s) |
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Anna |
2) |
Occupation |
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3) |
Period of stay |
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4) |
Date of arrival |
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5) |
Country |
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РАЗДЕЛ № 2
Задание 1. Повторите грамматические правила
По способу образования прошедшего времени все глаголы в английском языке можно разделить на две группы: правильные и неправильные (regular and irregular verbs). У правильных глаголов вторая и третья формы (Past Indefinite Tense и Past Participle – простое прошедшее время и причастие прошедшего времени) совпадают между собой и образуются путем прибав-
ления к основе глагола окончания -ed (-d): to ask – asked, to change – changed, to receive – received, to work– worked. При этом существует ряд особенностей:
а) если глагол оканчивается на -у с предшествующей согласной, то буква у меняется на i и добавляется окончание -ed: to supply – supplied, to apply – applied; б) если глагол оканчивается на -у с предшествующей гласной, то буква у не меняется и добавляется окончание -ed: to stay – stayed, to play — played;
в) если глагол оканчивается на согласную с предшествующим кратким гласным звуком, то согласная на конце удваивается: to stop – stopped.
Неправильные глаголы образуют вторую и третью формы различными способами, без четких правил. Это наиболее часто употребляемые глаголы.
Времена английского глагола
Время |
Простое |
Длительное |
Завершенное |
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Indefinite |
Continuous |
Perfect |
Настоящее |
Я пишу (обычно) |
Я пишу (сейчас) |
Я (уже написал) |
Present |
I write |
I am writing |
I have written |
Прошедшее |
Я (на) писал |
Я писал (в тот |
Я написал (уже к тому |
Past |
(вчера) |
момент) |
моменту) I had written |
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I wrote |
I was writing |
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Будущее |
Я напишу, |
Я буду писать (в |
Я напишу (уже к тому |
Future |
буду писать |
тот момент) |
моменту) |
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I shall / will write |
I shall / will be |
I shall / will have written |
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writing |
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Для описания регулярно повторявшихся действий, которые происходили в прошлом, используются также глаголы used to или would: I used to watch TV a lot. In summer we would get up early and go for a swim.
Задание 2. Выберите правильный вариант ответа:
1)He__________ a lot, but now he doesn't.
a)used to smoke b) was smoking
2)When I was a child we________ to the Black Sea every year.
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a) were traveling |
b) would travel |
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My son hurt his knee while he_________ football. |
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a) was playing |
b) used to play |
4) |
I remember that Nanny___________ us fascinating stories about past times. |
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a) was reading b) would read
5) When we came back the children ________in the garden with two unknown boys. a) were playing b) would play
6) I________ swimming every morning when we lived near the Swimming-pool. a) was going b) used to go
7) I_________ a lot of newspapers, but now I don't. They've become so boring. a) was reading b) used to read
8) He was arrested when he___________ through passport control. a) was going b) used to go
9) I_______________ Champaign. But now I think it is hideous.
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a) was liking |
b) used to like |
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10) |
She___________________ make up, but now she does a lot. |
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a) wasn't wearing |
b) didn't use to wear |
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11) |
He can't see you now. He____________ someone. |
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a) phones |
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b) is phoning |
12) |
I_____________hard for my exams now. |
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a) am working |
b) work |
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13) |
Don't forget to take your umbrella. It________ outside. |
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a) rains |
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b) is raining |
14) |
I___________ for business trip tomorrow. |
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a) leave |
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b) am leaving |
15) |
I_________ to you attentively. |
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a) listen |
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b) am listening |
16) |
The plane___________in half an hour. |
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a) arrives |
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b) is arriving |
l7) When I (brought / was bringing) in the papers he (spoke / was speaking) on the phone.
18) When I (entered / was entering) they (discussed / were discussing) something.
19)He (felt / was feeling) that somebody (watched / was watching ) him.
20)I (met / was meeting) him while I (made / was making) a tour of France.
21)I (paid / was paying) my check when I (heard / was hearing) someone call my name.
22)Pardon, (I didn't hear / wasn't hearing) what you (said / were saying)!
23)I (finished / was finishing) shopping and (went / was going) home.
24)They__________ the company two years ago.
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a) started |
b) have started |
25) |
He__________ the Managing Director of the company since 1990. |
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a) was |
b) has been |
26) |
We________ the project yet. |
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a) didn't finish |
b) haven't finished |
27) |
Our company_______ a big profit last year. |
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a) made |
b) have made |
28) My car_________. I won't be able to drive to the countryside at the weekend.
a) broke down |
b) has broken down |
29) He___________ a new car two weeks ago. |
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a) bought |
b) has bought |
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30) |
I_________ of petrol. I must have my car filled. |
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a) ran out |
b) have run out |
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31) |
I_________ them since December. |
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a) didn't see |
b) haven't seen |
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32) |
When ___________ is paid they allow the vehicle to pass. |
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а) the automobile |
c) the toll |
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b) the limited access highways |
d) the state highway departments |
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33) |
Before __________ the graph or chart, prepare the audience for it. |
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а) shown |
b) show |
c) showing |
d) to show |
34) In the United States, __________, which largely followed the path of a partially built railroad, was the first, opening in 1940.
а) Fleet Street |
c) the City of London |
b) Wall Street |
d) the Pennsylvania Turnpike |
Задание 3. Дополните микродиалог:
What is your current job title? – _______________________________.
а) I am twenty years old. c) My salary is rather high.
b) I am a travel agent. d) My interests include swimming and reading.
Задание 4. Расположите части делового письма в правильном порядке:
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2) |
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4) |
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a) I am enclosing a brochure and |
b) The reason I am writing to you is |
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price list for your consideration. I |
that I represent a new regional chain of |
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would like to call on you next week, |
auto parts stores, and that we have been |
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give you some samples, and see if |
good sellers in many cities. |
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you have an interest in learning more |
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about our products. I look forward to |
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talking to you at that time. |
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Sincerely, |
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John Kim |
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Enclosures: brochure, price list. |
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c) |
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d) Asian Auto Products |
Dear Mr. Chan, |
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450 Sutter Street |
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My name is John Kim and I am an |
Suite 102 San Francisco |
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accountant representative with Asian |
March 12, 2015 |
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Auto Products, Inc. in San Francisco. |
Automobile repair workshops |
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125 Maiden Lane |
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San Francisco |