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30. Complete the spaces by finding one word which fits in all three sentences.

Change, lump, drowned, occupy, straight

1.Glaciers provide vital evidence of climate … What you need is not pills but a simple … of scene.

If you need money, there's some spare ... in my coat pocket.

2.Grassland and savannah … a substantial part of Southern Africa. It's a long journey - let's take some books to … the children.

The protesting students intend to … the Holman Building.

3.The vet said the … on the dog's face was not cancerous.

She had a … in her throat and a tear in her eye when she said goodbye.

Get up and do some work, you lazy …

4.Many of the wildebeest didn't make it and … half-way across the

river.

My voice was … out by the sound of builders drilling. I … my meal in sauce to hide the bitter taste.

5.The falconer trained the hawk to fly in a perfectly … line.

So let's get this … ; you say you saw the man break in through the window.

Why can't you just give me a … answer for once in your life?

31. Comment on the change of meanings in the italicized words.

1. They sat on the rug before the fireplace, watching the rising tongues of flame. 2. He inspired universal confidence and had an iron nerve. 3. He was burning with a desire to meet his old friends. 4. As I spoke, rage sparkled in my eyes. 5. Emotion squeezed Soames' heart. 6. Here was the great mysterious city which was still a magnet for her. 7. Carrie's anger melted on the instant. 8. Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.

32. Define the meanings of the italicized words in the following sentences.

1.I began to search the flat, looking in drawers and boxes to see if I could find a key. I tumbled with a sort of splash upon the keys of a piano. Now the orchestra is playing yellow cocktail music and the opera of voices pitches a key higher.

2.I sat down with my head in my hands, until I heard the phone taken up inside and the butler's voice calling a taxi. G.Quarterman possessed more power than many heads of the state.

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3.I walked into Hyde Park, fell flat upon the grass and almost immediately fell asleep.

4.Her mouth opened crookedly half an inch, and she shot a few words at one like pebbles. Would you like me to come to the mouth of the river with you? I put the letter into the mouth of the box and let it go.

HOMONYMS

Homographs

33. How would you pronounce each of the underlined words in the sentences below? Chose a word with a similar sound from the brackets.

1.The girl I live with knows a good pub with live music. (dive/give)

2.The main house houses a collection of rare stamps. (mouse/rouse)

3.They bathed the children after they had bathed in the sea. (lathe/path)

4.You sow the seeds while I feed the sow. (cow/glow)

5.The violinist in the bow tie took a bow. (allow/flow)

6.He’s the lead singer in the group ‘Lead piping’. (head/deed)

7.What a row from the last house in the row! (plough/though)

8.Does he still suffer from his war wound? (found/mooned)

9.I wound the rope around the tree to strengthen it against the gale. (round/tuned)

10.It’s quite hard to wind in the sails in this wind. (find/tinned)

Homophones

34. Find the homophones to the following words and explain their meanings.

Tale, sea, piece, week, sun, meet, steel, knight, sum, coarse, write, heir, hare.

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35.Define the meaning of following pairs of homophones:

Bear/bare, bow/ beau, soul/sole, might/mite, council/counsel, soar/sore, aisle/isle, hyper/hypo, haul/hall, right/rite, ball/bawl, beach/beech, gauge/gage, eye/aye, serge/surge, neigh/nay, chute/shoot, peal/peel, bough/bow, shoe/shoo, leek/leak, caw/core, slay/sleigh, mussel/muscle, tow/toe.

36.Now do the reverse.

A flattering remark / to make complete; main / headmaster; a male pig / a tedious person; a bucket / almost colourless; a person who never tells the truth / a musical instrument; a male child / a circular object thrown to a drowning man; time to go to sleep / a noble soldier on horseback; a story / the movable growth at the back of an animal; to inter / a small fruit; an oriental country / a large bird; a law voice / foundation; honest / the price a passenger pays; an enormous mammal that lives in the sea / to cry out; a manner of walking / it closes an opening in a wall or fence; loss or wrong use / the narrow part of a human body; a person who inherits smb’s property / the space above ground; a liquid substance giving flavour to food / a place from which smth comes ; a kind of fruit / two; head of the town council / a female horse; ungenerous / a facial expression; a hollow metal vessel which rings when struck / an attractive girl.

37. Write the word in phonetic script in the correct spelling for the context.

1.I really must do some more exercise or I’ll never lose .

2.Watching sport on TV is such a of time.

3.He broke a of glass in the kitchen window.

4.The eldest son of the monarch is the to the throne.

5.There is a hole in the of my shoe.

6.You are not to talk during the test

7.Let’s our swimming together this evening?

8.He’s going a rather difficult at the moment.

9.Don’t throw away that orange . I need it for a recipe.

37. Write one sentence using both of the words corresponding to the phonetic script.

Ex.: She was quite pale after the exertion of carrying such a heavy pail of water.

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38.Homophones and homographs are at the root of many jokes in English. Match the first part of each of these children’s jokes with the second part and then explain the play on words involved in each.

1.What did the big chimney say to the little chimney?

2.What did one lift say to the other lift?

3.What did the south wind say to the north wind?

4.Why did the man take his pencil to bed?

5.Why is history the sweetest lesson?

6.What’s the best birthday present?

7.Why can’t steam engine sit down?

8.What’s pale and trembles at the bottom of the sea?

A.Because it’s got a tender behind.

B.A drum takes a lot of beating.

C.I think I’m going down with something.

D.A nervous wreck.

E.He wanted to draw the curtains.

F.Because it’s full of dates.

G.Let’s play draughts.

H.You’re too young to smoke.

39.Read the following jokes and say what linguistic phenomenon they are based on.

A Scotchman was going on an excursion to New York. He handled the agent a ten-dollar bill as the agent called "Change at Jersey City". " No jokes now - I want my change right away," said the frightened Scotchman.

She: Now that we're engaged, dear, you'll give me a ring, won't you? He: Yes, dear, certainly. What's your telephone number?

"When rain falls, does it ever get up again?" "Yes, in dew time!" "What's the difference between soldiers and girls?" "The soldier faces

powder. Girls powder faces".

40.Find the homonyms for the following words and explain their meanings.

1.Band - a company of musicians.

2.Seal - a warm-blooded, fish-eating sea-animal, found chiefly in cold regions.

3.Ear - the grain-bearing spike of a cereal plant, as in a corn.

4.To bore - to make a long round hole, esp. with a pointed tool that is turned round.

5.To draw - to move by pulling.

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41. Find the homonyms and define their types.

1.Excuse my going first, I'll lead the way.

2.Lead is heavier than iron.

3.He tears up all letters.

4.Her eyes filled with tears.

5.In England the heir to the throne is referred to as the Prince of

Wales.

6.Let's go out and have some fresh air.

7.It is not customary to shake hands in England. If the hostess or the host offers a hand, take it; a bow is sufficient for the rest.

8.The girl had a bow of red ribbon in her hair.

9.Mr. Newlywed: Did you see the button on my coat, darling? Mrs. Newlywed: No, love. I couldn't find the button, so I just sewed up the buttonhole.

10.Do not sow panic.

11.He took a suite at the hotel.

12.No sweet without sweat.

13.What will you have for dessert?

14.The sailors did not desert the ship.

15.He is a soldier to the core.

16.The enemy corps was routed.

17.The word 'quay' is a synonym for Embankment'.

18.The guests are supposed to leave the key with the receptionist.

19.When England goes metric, flour will be sold by the kilogram.

20.The rose is the national flower of England.

21.In England monarchs reign but do not rule.

22.The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain.

SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS

42. Classify the following words into logical groups on the principle of hyponymy. (Hyponym is a word whose meaning is included in that of another word. E.g. “Scarlet”, “vermilion”, and “crimson” are hyponyms of “red”)

Animal, asparagus, beet, building, bull, bungalow, bush, cabbage, carrot, cat, cottage, dog, fiction, flower, football, grass, horse, mansion,

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