5. |
When we lived on the coast, we |
............................ swim in the sea every day. |
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6. |
If Gordon .................. |
find his way out of the jungle, he would have survived. |
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7. |
Last week he ............................... |
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arrange a meeting with the Prime Minister. |
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8. |
I'm not usually very good at tennis, but yesterday I............... |
beat my brother. |
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9. |
Tom...................................... |
finish this today, shouldn't he? |
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10. He ……………………….. fix the tap so he called a plumber.
5. Fill in: must or have to.
"Welcome on behalf of Newton Industries. I'd like to explain a few of the fac-
tory rules. Mr. Newton has said we 1)... have to |
.... wear overalls at all times. He |
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wants us to arrive at 8 am and we 2)................................. |
clock in. There is a |
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possibility of working overtime but you 3)............................................. |
decide |
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whether |
you want to work extra hours. |
Mr Newton insists that we |
4)................................... |
have fifteen-minute breaks every three or four hours but |
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we 5)...................................... |
choose when we would like those breaks. There is |
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a problem with parking. The city insists we 6)................................... |
use the pub- |
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lic garage. They believe parking on the grass is too damaging to public property
and I 7).................................... |
say I agree. Finally, as far as health insurance is |
concerned, you 8)........................................ |
register as soon as possible. Are |
there any questions?" |
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6. Fill in: mustn't or needn't.
Tom,
Thanks for offering to chair tomorrow's meeting for me. Apart from Sally and
Dave, |
the |
sales |
staff 1).... |
needn't... |
attend, but the Personnel |
people 2) |
||||||
..................... |
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miss it, as several matters concern them. You 3) ........................ |
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||||||||
mention the new offices – |
we |
can |
deal |
with |
that |
later |
and |
you |
||||
4).......................... |
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|
discuss the changes in the computer course timetables since |
|||||||||
they're not urgent. Don't forget that you 5) ...................... |
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mention the visit by the |
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inspectors – we don't want people panicking. You 6).............................. |
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forget to |
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bring |
up |
the |
matter |
of |
the |
Smithson |
contract, |
and |
you |
also |
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7).......................... |
|
|
leave out the new manager's appointment. You 8) ................... |
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go into |
details |
unless |
people |
have |
questions. |
But |
remember |
you |
||||
9)................. |
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give anyone the idea that their job is at risk because of this. Make it |
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clear that employees 10) .................. |
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speak unless they want to. Last but not |
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least, you 11) .............................. |
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mention the staff party – Mr. Jones wants to |
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announce that himself. By the way, you 12)....................... |
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take notes, as my sec- |
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retary will be there to do that. |
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Thanks, Laura |
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7. Fill in: needn't have or didn't need/have to, don't need/have to/needn't and the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
"Have you seen Modern Families yet?" Paul asked Mary as he was checking
8
through the cinema listings. "I saw it last night," she replied. "I ...needn't have gone... (go) though – I already knew what it would be like." "Didn't you like it?"
"Not really. The director 2)............................. |
(spend) so much money present- |
ing such a weak story. It's a good thing I 3).......................... |
(pay) to get in." |
"How did you manage that?" asked Paul. "I went with Tom," she answered.
"Critics 4) ..................................... |
(pay) to see films you know." "How was the |
|
acting?" "Well, the director 5) .......................................... |
|
(hire) such good actors |
for a film like that," said Mary. "I mean you 6)............................... |
(have) much |
|
talent to sit around talking about nothing for hours." "Did Tom review it?" "He
7) ........................................ |
(write) about it. Somebody else had already done it |
for |
his paper. We just went out of curiosity, but really we |
8)............................................. |
(go). |
•Modal + be + -ing expresses an action in progress now.
She may be sleeping.
•Modal + have been + -ing expresses an action in progress in the past.
He may have been sleeping then.
•Modal + have + past participle expresses a complete action in the past.
He might have met them before.
8. Fill in a modal or a synonymous expression and the appropriate form of
the verbs in brackets. |
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1. |
I'm getting fat. I really... have to try... |
(try) to lose some weight, like the doc- |
||
tor said. |
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2. |
What a lovely day! ................................. |
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(we/go) for a walk? |
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3. |
I'm not sure where Gary is. He................................. |
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(be) at the library. |
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4. |
That...................................... |
(not/be) Bill's car. He doesn't own one. |
||
5. |
Tom............................... |
(sleep) but I'm not sure. Why don't you go and see? |
||
6. |
Don't worry. You.................................... |
|
(not/dress) formally for the party. |
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7. |
If you wanted to borrow my car, you............................................. |
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(ask) me. |
|
8. |
This dog............................ |
(belong) to Harry. It's got his address on its collar. |
||
9. |
Only authorised personnel.................................................. |
|
(enter) this area. |
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10. |
You....................................................... |
|
(not/smoke) in some public places. |
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11. |
I saw John in the town centre this morning. He |
.................... (go) to Spain |
||
yet. |
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12. |
Fortunately he............................ |
(convince) the police that he was innocent. |
||
13. Tom drives really well now. He........................... |
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(pass) his driving test eas- |
||
ily. |
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14. |
She.................................................... |
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(be) at the party last night. She was ill. |
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15. |
They........................... |
(announce) the winners on March 16th. It's scheduled. |
||
16. |
She.......................... |
(start) working on Monday. The manager has told her |
||
to. |
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17. I missed the film last night because I......................................... |
(work) late. |
||||
18. Everyone in the world............................................ |
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(have) food and shelter. |
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19. You........................... |
(comply) with the regulations. We expect you to do so. |
||||
20. People ................ |
(treat) animals in a better way but they don't always do so. |
||||
9. Fill in the blanks as in the example: |
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MODAL |
USE |
SYNONYMOUS |
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|
|
EXPRESSION |
|
1. Shall I help you? |
offer |
Would you like me to help |
|
||
|
|
|
|
you? |
|
2. You..................... |
have seen |
…………. |
It would have been a better |
|
|
a doctor. |
|
….. |
idea if you had seen a doctor. |
||
3. You mustn't talk in class. |
…………. |
…………………………… |
|
||
|
|
|
….. |
….…… |
|
4. ……….I use the phone, |
polite re- |
…………………………… |
|
||
please? |
|
quest |
….…… |
||
5. |
You................... |
eat your |
…………. |
It's a good idea to eat your |
|
lunch. |
|
….. |
lunch. |
||
6. |
We.............. |
be formally |
obligation |
We are expected to be for- |
|
dressed. |
|
|
mally dressed. |
||
7. Tom............... |
be on holiday. |
…………. |
I'm sure Tom is on holiday. |
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|
|
….. |
|
|
8. You may ask questions now. |
permission |
…………………………… |
|
||
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|
|
(formal) |
….…… |
|
9. He.............. |
call any minute. |
………… |
Perhaps he'll call any minute. |
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|
…. |
|
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10. …........ working overtime? |
polite re- |
…………………………… |
|
||
|
|
|
quest |
……… |
|
11. I........... |
|
clean my bedroom. |
…………. |
It's necessary; my mother |
|
|
|
|
….. |
said so. |
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12. Shall we go to the cinema? |
suggestion |
…………………………… |
|
||
|
|
|
|
……… |
|
13. She could read at the age of |
………….. |
…………………………… |
|
||
five. |
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|
. |
……… |
|
14. I............. |
|
lose some weight. |
obligation |
It's urgent that I lose some |
|
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|
|
weight. |
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15. You.................. |
work from 9 |
obligation |
You're supposed to work |
|
|
to 5. |
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|
from 9 to 5. |
|
10. Look at the pictures (pic. 1), then guess what the people are saying using modal verbs.
10
A B
C D
11
E F
Pic. 1
Example: Picture A: May I speak to Mr. Brown, please? Could you put me through to Mr. Brown, please? etc.
In Other Words
Perhaps she moved to Rome. She may have moved to Rome.
I'm sure she is sleeping.
She must be sleeping.
I'm sure he hasn't left. He can't have left.
It's forbidden to smoke in hospitals.
You mustn't smoke in hospitals.
He is likely to win the race.
It is likely that he'll win the race. He'll probably win the race.
Let's go for a walk. Shall we go for a walk?
It wasn't necessary for you to finish it today.
You needn't have finished it today.
Was it necessary for Ann to leave the party that early?
Did Ann need to/have to leave the party that early?
You'd better ask for some advice. You should ask for some advice.
Shall I help you with the dishes? Would you like me to help you with the dishes?
It isn't necessary to do the ironing today.
You don't have to/don't need to/needn't do the ironing today.
Would you mind if I used your phone?
May/Might I use your phone?
12