IV. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
Petroleum is a fundamental driver of modern society.
Yes, I agree with the statement. Energy is the basis of industrial civilization. The economy of many nations is influenced by petroleum industry. In developed countries it provides jobs for many people. In developing countries petroleum makes up nation income. Petroleum industry has helped raise the living standards of many people.
Crude oil is being produced only offshore.
I can’t agree with this statement. Oil is produced both onshore and offshore. It is produced in 50 countries in every continent. The main oil producers are the countries of OPEC, as well as Russia, Norway, Mexico, Canada, and the USA.
IV. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
Economies of all countries depend on petroleum business.
I fully agree with this statement. In developed countries it provides jobs for many people. In developing countries petroleum makes up nation income. Petroleum industry has helped raise the living standards of many people. It is also a source of political power for such countries.
Petroleum is a source of political power.
The statement is correct for developing but oil-rich countries. In developing countries petroleum makes up nation income. Petroleum industry has helped raise the living standards of many people. It is also a source of political power for such countries.
IV. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
Oil business consists of upstream and midstream operations.
You are not quite right, I’m afraid. Oil business consists of upstream, midstream and downstream. Upstream contains oil and gas exploration, drilling and production, Midstream involves transportation, storage and gas processing, Downstream consists of refining, distribution and marketing.
Petroleum contains only hydrocarbons.
You are not quite right, I’m afraid. Petroleum principally consists of hydrocarbons. But Sulphur-, nitrogen-, and oxygen-containing compounds are usually present.
IV. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
Living standards are influenced by the oil sector of economy.
You are absolutely right. When the oil industry was born at Titusville in 1859, the way was opened for new living standards. Oil industry increased living standards in every country. In developed countries it provides jobs for many people. In developing countries petroleum makes up nation income. Petroleum industry has helped raise the living standards of many people. It is also a source of political power for such countries.
Oil is inorganic origin.
I don’t think that you are right. Most geologists think that oil is of organic origin. It originated from decomposition of marine organisms many millions of years ago. They became source rocks for the generation of crude oil. Under high temperatures and pressures a waxy substance called kerogen was formed. Then kerogen was separated into a liquid(oil) and gas(natural gas).
IV. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
The basic job of a refinery is to liquefy natural gas.
I don’t think that you are right. The basic job of a refinery is to convert petroleum onto useful products. The refining processes are divided into separation, conversion and chemical treatment. Distillation or separation into fractions is the first step of refining.
Most Russian deposits are located in the central region of the country.
You are not right, I’m afraid. Most Russian deposits are located in the North of our country. The largest gas reservoirs are in Siberia. New supergiant reservoirs were discovered north of Siberia in the Barents Sea and the Kara Sea.
IV. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
Crude oil is moved from the fields to refineries and to storage areas.
You are right. Crude oil is transported from the fields to refineries, storage tanks or residential areas. Pipelines are the main means of oil transportation. But tankers, barges, tank trucks and railroad tank cars are of no less importance.
Natural gas storage is necessary for seasonal regulation of gas consumption.
You are right. Natural gas storage is used for seasonal regulation of gas consumption and supply, as demand for heating is different in winter and in summer.
IV. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
1) Distribution lines are composed of several interconnected pipelines and used to take
products to the final consumer.
You are right. Distribution lines are a part of natural gas system. They are composed of several interconnected pipelines with small diameters. They are used to take products to the final consumer.
2) The petroleum industry is not interested in oil and gas pipelines.
You are not quite right, I’m afraid. Pipelines are the main means of oil transportation. They transport oil from the field where it is produced to the places where it is consumed: to refineries, storage tanks or market areas.
IV. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
Trunk pipelines deliver oil to distant power plants and industrial customers.
You are right. Trunk, or transmission pipelines transport large product volumes over long distances. They deliver crude oil to distant power plants, large industrial customers or populated areas for further distribution.
Pipelines cannot cross all kinds of territories in all parts of the world.
You are not quite right, I’m afraid. Pipelines can be constructed almost everywhere: on the land, under the sea, over the land (on special supports). There are buried pipelines constructed under the land surface.
IV. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
Drilling fluids and pipeline leaks contaminate the air.
You are not quite right. Drilling fluids and pipeline leaks contaminate the soil and the water. But toxic byproduct gases contaminate the air. They cause acid rains and global warming, because they are greenhouse gases.
Russian gas deposits are located in distant and poorly accessible areas.
You are right. Gas reserves are found offshore and in harsh, poorly accessible areas. So, sophisticated technologies and equipment are needed to deliver it to the consumers.
IV. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
Petroleum is a renewable energy source.
You are not quite right. Petroleum is a non-renewable energy source. Millions of years are needed to create petroleum in nature. So, the alternative energy sources are needed to meet the requirements for energy, which are constantly growing. (Wind, water, electricity are renewable energy sources).
Global warming is a result of petroleum industries activity.
Partially you are right. Petroleum industry is responsible for all types of pollution. Upstream, midstream and downstream processes create many problems for our environment. Pollution starts with exploration and drilling, continue with transportation and storage, and finishes with toxic emissions from refineries.
Экзаменационный билет № 11.
IV. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
1) Crude oil is moved from the fields to refineries and to storage areas.
2) Pipelines are the safest and fastest way of oil transportation.
Экзаменационный билет № 12.
IV. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
1. Trunk pipelines deliver oil to distinct power plants, large industrial customers and municipalities.
2. Gathering pipelines are a part of natural gas systems.
Экзаменационный билет № 13
IV. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
1) The right-of-way contains only the pipeline.
2) Bucketwheel trenchers or backhoes are used to dig a trench.
Экзаменационный билет № 14.
IV. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
1) It is impossible to bend a pipe without destroying its circular profile.
2) Coating the pipe is a very important process of pipeline construction.
Экзаменационный билет№ 15.
IV. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
1) Valves and other fitting are installed before the pipeline is in place in the trench.
2) Welding machines are used to weld individual lengths of pipe.
Экзаменационный билет № 16.
IV. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
1) Distribution pipelines are known to transport natural gas for further processing.
2) Smart pigs are sent through pipelines to detect possible signs of corrosion.
Экзаменационный билет № 17.
IV. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
1) All oil pipelines are equipped with compressor stations.
2) Transportation pipelines consist of mainly short pipes with small diameters, moving products (oil, gas, refined products) between cities, countries and even continents.
Экзаменационный билет № 18.
IV. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
1) Gathering pipelines are necessary to deliver natural gas to consumers.
2) Some internally coated pipes can’t be joined together by welding.
Экзаменационный билет № 19.
IV. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
1) Coating the pipe is a very important process of pipeline construction.
2) The right-of-way contains only the compressor stations.
Экзаменационный билет № 20.
IV. Agree or disagree with the following statements:
1) What activities does the construction of a pipeline include?
2) Distribution lines are composed of several interconnected pipelines and used to take products to the final consumer.