Материал: doichik_oia_modal_verbs_theory_and_practice

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МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ УКРАЇНИ ПРИКАРПАТСЬКИЙ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ ІМЕНІ ВАСИЛЯ СТЕФАНИКА

ФАКУЛЬТЕТ ІНОЗЕМНИХ МОВ КАФЕДРА АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ ФІЛОЛОГІЇ

ДОЙЧИК О.Я.

MODAL VERBS: THEORY AND PRACTICE

Навчально-методичний посібник з практичної граматики англійської мови

для студентів 1-3 курсів англійського відділення денної та заочної форм навчання

Івано-Франківськ

2019

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УДК 811.111: 81‟36

ББК 81.2 Англ Д – 62

Дойчик О.Я.

Modal Verbs: Theory and Practice: навчально-методичний посібник з практичної граматики англійської мови для студентів 1-3 курсів англійського відділення денної та заочної форм навчання. Івано-Франківськ, 2019, 42 c.

Навчально-методичний посібник з практичної граматики укладено згідно вимог навчальної програми.

Посібник створено з метою допомогти студентам оволодіти граматичним матеріалом з теми MODAL VERBS, сформувати навички застосування модальних дієслів у мовленнєвих ситуаціях.

Матеріали навчального посібника розраховано на 10 занять. Структура методичної розробки передбачає опрацювання теоретичного матеріалу, виконання вправ до кожного уроку і завдання для самостійної роботи.

Посібник призначено для студентів англійського відділення, для студентів німецького і французького відділення, котрі вивчають англійську як другу мову, для аудиторної та самостійної роботи.

РЕЦЕНЗЕНТИ:

Бистров Я.В. – доктор філологічних наук, професор, завідувач кафедри англійської філології ДВНЗ «Прикарпатський національний університет імені Василя Стефаника

Нісевич С.І. – кандидат філологічних наук, доцент кафедри історії мистецтва та гуманітарних наук Косівського інституту прикладного та декоративного мистецтва Львівської національної академії мистецтв

Друкується за ухвалою Вченої ради факультету іноземних мов Прикарпатського національного університету імені Василя Стефаника (протокол № 3 від 25.06. 2019 р.)

© Дойчик О.Я., 2019

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CONTENTS

Lesson 1. Overview of modal verbs and their functions.

 

 

Ability. Capability………………………………………….

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Lesson 2. Possibility. Impossibility ………………………………….. 10

Lesson 3.

Probability. Certainty. Deduction (Surprise,

 

 

Astonishment, Doubt, Disbelief)…………………………... 13

Lesson 4.

Advice. Advisability. Duty. Obligation. Necessity.

 

 

Absence of Necessity……………………………………… 16

Lesson 5. Permission. Prohibition……………………………………. 20

Lesson 6. Criticism. Reproach. Outrage. Strong disapproval……….. 23

Lesson 7. Promise. Willingness. Refusal ……………………………. 25

Lesson 8. Offer. Suggestion. Request. Instructions. Order. Threat….

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Lesson 9.

Characteristics. Past Habits. Courage. Lack of Courage.

 

 

Challenging ……………………………………………….

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Lesson 10. Review…………………………………………………….

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TEST.......................................................................................................

 

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References and Further Reading…………………………………......

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LESSON 1. OVERVIEW OF MODAL VERBS AND THEIR

FUNCTIONS. ABILITY. CAPABILITY

General Characteristics of Modal Verbs

Modal verbs (can, could, must, should, ought to, had better, may, might, will, would, shall) are auxiliary verbs that express ability, necessity, request, permission, advice, desire, probability, etc. Modal verbs express the speaker's attitude to the action indicated by the main verb. Modal verbs are also called modal auxiliaries or modals. They are defective verbs, because they do not have all the functions of main verbs or auxiliary verbs. They can't be used without a main verb, can't form gerunds or participles, and do not have any endings to show person, number, or tense. Modal verbs form questions without the help of the other auxiliary verbs. Modal verbs also have quite a few peculiarities in the formation of tenses. They do not have the future tense form. The future is expressed by the present tense forms of modal verbs with the help of the context and adverbs of time referring to the future.

Can I go there tomorrow? – Yes, you can Can they go there now? – No, they can't He shouldn't call her today

They should call her tomorrow

Only two modal verbs can form the past by changing their forms directly. They are can – could and will – would (only in some of their meanings).

She can sing very well. – She could sing very well when she was younger.

He will go there tomorrow. – I said that he would go there tomorrow

The pair shall – should with the future meaning can still work like that in British English. In American English, will is used for all persons in the future (would for the Future in the Past), and shall, should are used mostly as separate modal verbs.

Shall we wait for you here? (polite suggestion of some action and asking for consent or directive)

Shall I bring you more coffee? (polite suggestion of some action and asking for consent or directive)

Should we call her? (asking for advice; present or future)

You should have called her yesterday. (giving advice; past tense)

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The verbs may and might are used mostly as separate modal verbs, though might is generally used instead of may where the sequence of tenses require

She may be at the hospital now. – I said that she might be at the hospital now.

All modal verbs take the infinitive without the particle `to`. Modal verbs use all infinitive forms (without the particle `to`) to form certain tenses and create meanings. Modals form the present and the past with the help of the infinitive forms, and the future is expressed by the present tense.

He must come tomorrow (future obligation) He must lose weight (present necessity)

He must have forgotten his promise (deduction about the past)

There are some modal words and phrases that can substitute modal verbs:

Phrases: be able to, have to, have got to, be to, be supposed to, be going to, use to, be allowed to;

Adverbs: probably, maybe, etc; Verbs: manage, fail.

Some substitutes are also very common and widely used, for example, have to instead of must in the meaning “strong necessity”; probably instead of must in the meaning “strong probability”; maybe instead of may, might, could in the meaning “possibility”. The most important use of substitute phrases is in those cases where modal verbs can't be used. For example, the modal verb must in the meaning “strong necessity” doesn't have the past form, so the substitute phrase have to (“necessity”) is typically used instead of the modal verb must in the past tense, with a little change in meaning.

Maria must go to the bank today. (strong necessity) She has to go to the bank today. (necessity)

She had to go to the bank yesterday. (past necessity; realized action)

Primary functions of modal verbs

Can / could

Ability, Capability

I can swim

 

 

They could drive at 16

 

 

She cannot lie

May / might

Permission

You may leave now

 

 

Might I come later?

 

 

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