Материал: Стеганогафия учебник на русском

<\_^_gb_ \ pbnjh\mx kl_]Zgh]jZnbx

Pbnjh\Zy kl_]Zgh]jZnby

Ij_^f_l l_jfbgheh]by h[eZklb ijbf_g_gby

Pbnjh\Zy kl_]Zgh]jZnby dZd gZmdZ jh^beZkv [md\Zevgh \ ihke_^gb_ ]h^u Ih gZr_fm fg_gbx hgZ \dexqZ_l ke_^mxsb_ gZijZ\e_gby

\kljZb\Zgb_ bgnhjfZpbb k p_evx __ kdjulhc i_j_^Zqb

\kljZb\Zgb_ pbnjh\uo \h^yguo agZdh\ P<AZDWHUPDUNLQJ

\kljZb\Zgb_ b^_glbnbdZpbhgguo ghf_jh\ILQJHUSULQWLQJ

\kljZb\Zgb_ aZ]heh\dh\FDSWLRQLQJ

P<A fh]ml ijbf_gylvky \ hkgh\ghf ^ey aZsblu hl dhibjh\Zgby b g_kZgd pbhgbjh\Zggh]h bkihevah\Zgby < k\yab k [mjguf jZa\blb_f l_ogheh]bc fmev lbf_^bZ hkljh \klZe \hijhk aZsblu Z\lhjkdbo ijZ\ b bgl_ee_dlmZevghc kh[kl \_gghklb ij_^klZ\e_gghc \ pbnjh\hf \b^_ Ijbf_jZfb fh]ml y\eylvky nhlh ]jZnbb Zm^bh b \b^_haZibkb b lZd ^Ze__ Ij_bfms_kl\Z dhlhju_ ^Zxl ij_^ klZ\e_gb_ b i_j_^ZqZ khh[s_gbc \ pbnjh\hf \b^_ fh]ml hdZaZlvky i_j_q_jd gmlufb e_]dhklvx k dhlhjhc \hafh`gh bo \hjh\kl\h beb fh^bnbdZpby Ih wlhfm jZajZ[Zlu\Zxlky jZaebqgu_ f_ju aZsblu bgnhjfZpbb hj]ZgbaZpbhggh ]h b l_ogbq_kdh]h oZjZdl_jZ H^gh ba gZb[he__ wnn_dlb\guo l_ogbq_kdbo kj_^kl\ aZsblu fmevlbf_^bcghc bgnhjfZpbb b aZdexqZ_lky \h \kljZb\Zgbb \ aZsbsZ_fuc h[t_dl g_\b^bfuo f_lhd P<A JZajZ[hldb \ wlhc h[eZklb \_^ml djmig_crb_ nbjfu \h \k_f fbj_ LZd dZd f_lh^u P<A gZqZeb jZajZ[Zlu\Zlvky kh\_jr_ggh g_^Z\gh i_j\hc klZlv_c gZ wlm l_fm [ueZ \b^bfh jZ[hlZ> @lh a^_kv bf__lky fgh]h g_ykguo ijh[e_f lj_[mxsbo k\h_]h jZaj_r_gby

GZa\Zgb_ wlhl f_lh^ ihemqbe hl \k_f ba\_klgh]h kihkh[Z aZsblu p_gguo [mfZ] \ lhf qbke_ b ^_g_] hl ih^^_edb L_jfbg ©GLJLWDOZDWHUPDUNLQJª[ue \i_j\u_ ijbf_g_g \ jZ[hl_> @< hlebqb_ hl h[uqguo \h^yguo agZdh\ P<A fh]ml [ulv g_ lhevdh \b^bfufb gh b dZd ijZ\beh g_\b^bfufb G_\b^b fu_ P<A ZgZebabjmxlky ki_pbZevguf ^_dh^_jhf dhlhjuc \ughkbl j_r_ gb_ h[ bo dhjj_dlghklb P<A fh]ml kh^_j`Zlv g_dhlhjuc Zml_glbqguc dh^ bgnhjfZpbx h kh[kl\_ggbd_ eb[h dZdmx gb[m^v mijZ\eyxsmx bgnhjfZ pbx GZb[he__ ih^oh^ysbfb h[t_dlZfb aZsblu ijb ihfhsb P<A y\eyxlky g_ih^\b`gu_ bah[jZ`_gby nZceu Zm^bh b \b^_h^Zgguo

L_ogheh]by \kljZb\Zgby b^_glbnbdZpbhgguo ghf_jh\ ijhba\h^bl_e_c bf__l fgh]h h[s_]h k l_ogheh]b_c P<A Hlebqb_ aZdexqZ_lky \ lhf qlh \ i_j\hf kemqZ_ dZ`^Zy aZsbs_ggZy dhiby bf__l k\hc mgbdZevguc \kljZb \Z_fuc ghf_j hlkx^Z b gZa\Zgb_²^hkeh\gh©hli_qZldb iZevp_\ªWlhl b^_glbnbdZpbhgguc ghf_j iha\hey_l ijhba\h^bl_ex hlke_`b\Zlv ^Zev g_crmx km^v[m k\h_]h ^_lbsZ g_ aZgyeky eb dlh gb[m^v ba ihdmiZl_e_c g_aZdhgguf lbjZ`bjh\Zgb_f ?keb ^Z lh©hli_qZldb iZevp_\ª[ukljh mdZ `ml gZ \bgh\gh]h

<kljZb\Zgb_ aZ]heh\dh\ g_\b^bfh_ fh`_l ijbf_gylvky gZijbf_j ^ey ih^ibkb f_^bpbgkdbo kgbfdh\ gZg_k_gby e_]_g^u gZ dZjlm b \ ^jm]bo kem qZyo P_evx y\ey_lky ojZg_gb_ jZaghjh^gh ij_^klZ\e_gghc bgnhjfZpbb \ _^bghf p_ehf Wlh ih`Zemc _^bgkl\_ggh_ ijbeh`_gb_ kl_]Zgh]jZnbb ]^_ \ y\ghf \b^_ hlkmlkl\m_l ihl_gpbZevguc gZjmrbl_ev

LZd dZd pbnjh\Zy kl_]Zgh]jZnby y\ey_lky fheh^hc gZmdhc lh __ l_jfbgh eh]by g_ ^h dhgpZ mklhyeZkv Hkgh\gu_ ihgylby [ueb kh]eZkh\Zgu gZ I_j\hc f_`^mgZjh^ghc dhgn_j_gpbb ih kdjulbx ^Zgguo > @ L_f g_ f_g__ ^Z`_ kZfh ihgylb_©kl_]Zgh]jZnbyªljZdlm_lky jZaebqgh LZd g_dhlhju_ bkke_^h \Zl_eb ihgbfZxl ih^ kl_]Zgh]jZnb_c lhevdh kdjulmx i_j_^Zqm bgnhjfZpbb >jm]b_ hlghkyl d kl_]Zgh]jZnbb lZdb_ ijbeh`_gby dZd gZijbf_j f_l_hjgZy jZ^bhk\yav jZ^bhk\yav k ik_\^hkemqZcghc i_j_kljhcdhc jZ^bhqZklhlu rb jhdhihehkgZy jZ^bhk\yav GZ gZr \a]ey^ g_nhjfZevgh_ hij_^_e_gb_ lh]h qlh lZdh_ pbnjh\Zy kl_]Zgh]jZnby fh]eh [u \u]ey^_lv ke_^mxsbf h[jZahf ©GZmdZ h g_aZf_lghf b gZ^_`ghf kdjulbb h^gbo [blh\uo ihke_^h\Zl_evgh kl_c \ ^jm]bo bf_xsbo ZgZeh]h\mx ijbjh^mªIh^ wlh hij_^_e_gb_ dZd jZa ih^iZ^Zxl \k_ q_luj_ \ur_ijb\_^_gguo gZijZ\e_gby kdjulby ^Zgguo Z ijbeh`_gby jZ^bhk\yab g_l Djhf_ lh]h \ hij_^_e_gbb kh^_j`blky ^\Z ]eZ\guo lj_[h\Zgby d kl_]Zgh]jZnbq_kdhfm ij_h[jZah\Zgbx g_aZf_lghklv b gZ^_`ghklv lh _klv mklhcqb\hklv d jZaebqgh]h jh^Z bkdZ`_gbyf MihfbgZ gb_ h[ ZgZeh]h\hc ijbjh^_ pbnjh\uo ^Zgguo ih^q_jdb\Z_l lhl nZdl qlh \kljZb\Zgb_ bgnhjfZpbb ijhba\h^blky \ hpbnjh\Zggu_ g_ij_ju\gu_ kb]gZ eu LZdbf h[jZahf \ jZfdZo pbnjh\hc kl_]Zgh]jZnbb g_ jZkkfZljb\Zxlky \hijhku \g_^j_gby ^Zgguo \ aZ]heh\db,3iZd_lh\ b nZceh\ jZaebqguo nhj fZlh\ \ l_dklh\u_ khh[s_gby

DZd [u gb [ueb jZaebqgu gZijZ\e_gby kl_]Zgh]jZnbb ij_^ty\ey_fu_ bfb lj_[h\Zgby \h fgh]hf kh\iZ^Zxl qlh [m^_l ihdZaZgh ^Ze__ GZb[he__ kms_kl\_ggh_ hlebqb_ ihklZgh\db aZ^Zqb kdjulhc i_j_^Zqb ^Zgguo hl ih klZgh\db aZ^Zqb \kljZb\Zgby P<A khklhbl \ lhf qlh \ i_j\hf kemqZ_ gZjm rbl_ev ^he`_g h[gZjm`blv kdjulh_ khh[s_gb_ lh]^Z dZd \h \lhjhf kemqZ_ h _]h kms_kl\h\Zgbb \k_ agZxl ;he__ lh]h m gZjmrbl_ey gZ aZdhgguo hkgh\Z gbyo fh`_l bf_lvky mkljhckl\h h[gZjm`_gby P<A gZijbf_j \ khklZ\_ '9'ijhb]ju\Zl_ey

Keh\h©g_aZf_lghfª\ gZr_f hij_^_e_gbb pbnjh\hc kl_]Zgh]jZnbb ih^ jZamf_\Z_l h[yaZl_evgh_ \dexq_gb_ q_eh\_dZ \ kbkl_fm kl_]Zgh]jZnbq_kdhc i_j_^Zqb ^Zgguo Q_eh\_d a^_kv fh`_l jZkkfZljb\Zlvky dZd ^hihegbl_evguc ijb_fgbd ^Zgguo ij_^ty\eyxsbc d kbkl_f_ i_j_^Zqb ^hklZlhqgh ljm^gh nhjfZebam_fu_ lj_[h\Zgby

AZ^Zqm \kljZb\Zgby b \u^_e_gby khh[s_gbc ba ^jm]hc bgnhjfZpbb \u ihegy_l kl_]hkbkl_fZ khklhysZy ba ke_^mxsbo hkgh\guo we_f_glh\ ij_^ klZ\e_gguo gZ jbk

Dexq D

Jbk KljmdlmjgZy ko_fZ lbibqghc kl_]hkbkl_fu P<A

²ij_dh^_j² mkljhckl\h ij_^gZagZq_ggh_ ^ey ij_h[jZah\Zgby kdju \Z_fh]h khh[s_gby d \b^m m^h[ghfm ^ey \kljZb\Zgby \ kb]gZe dhgl_cg_jdhgl_cg_jhf gZau\Z_lky bgnhjfZpbhggZy ihke_^h\Zl_evghklv \ dhlhjhc ijyq_lky khh[s_gb_

²kl_]hdh^_j²mkljhckl\h ij_^gZagZq_ggh_ ^ey hkms_kl\e_gby \eh`_ gby kdjulh]h khh[s_gby \ ^jm]b_ ^Zggu_ k mq_lhf bo fh^_eb

²mkljhckl\h \u^_e_gby \kljh_ggh]h khh[s_gby

²kl_]h^_l_dlhj² mkljhckl\h ij_^gZagZq_ggh_ ^ey hij_^_e_gby gZeb qby kl_]hkhh[s_gby

²^_dh^_j² mkljhckl\h \hkklZgZ\eb\Zxs__ kdjulh_ khh[s_gb_ Wlhl ma_e fh`_l hlkmlkl\h\Zlv

>Zggu_ kh^_j`Zsb_ kdjulh_ khh[s_gb_ fh]ml ih^\_j]Zlvky ij_^gZf_ j_gguf ZlZdZf beb kemqZcguf ihf_oZf hibkZgb_ dhlhjuo ijb\_^_gh \ ]eZ \_

DZd ihdZaZgh gZ jbk \ kl_]hkbkl_f_ ijhbkoh^bl h[t_^bg_gb_ ^\mo lbih\ bgnhjfZpbb lZd qlh[u hgb fh]eb [ulv jZaebqbfu ^\mfy ijbgpbib Zevgh jZagufb ^_l_dlhjZfb < dZq_kl\_ h^gh]h ba ^_l_dlhjh\ \uklmiZ_l kbk l_fZ \u^_e_gby P<A \ dZq_kl\_ ^jm]h]h²q_eh\_d

Ij_`^_ q_f hkms_kl\blv \eh`_gb_ P<A \ dhgl_cg_j P<A ^he`_g [ulv ij_h[jZah\Zg \ g_dhlhjuc ih^oh^ysbc \b^ GZijbf_j _keb \ dZq_kl\_ dhg l_cg_jZ \uklmiZ_l bah[jZ`_gb_ lh b ihke_^h\Zl_evghklv P<A aZqZklmx ij_^klZ\ey_lky dZd ^\mf_jguc fZkkb\ [bl >ey lh]h qlh[u ih\ukblv mklhc qb\hklv P<A d bkdZ`_gbyf g_j_^dh \uihegyxl _]h ihf_ohmklhcqb\h_ dh^b jh\Zgb_ eb[h ijbf_gyxl rbjhdhihehkgu_ kb]gZeu I_j\hgZqZevgmx h[jZ [hldm kdjulh]h khh[s_gby \uihegy_l ihdZaZgguc gZ jbk ij_dh^_j

< dZq_kl\_ \Z`g_cr_c ij_^\Zjbl_evghc h[jZ[hldb P<A Z lZd`_ b dhg l_cg_jZ gZah\_f \uqbke_gb_ _]h h[h[s_ggh]h ij_h[jZah\Zgby Nmjv_ Wlh iha\hey_l hkms_kl\blv \kljZb\Zgb_ P<A \ ki_dljZevghc h[eZklb qlh agZqb l_evgh ih\urZ_l _]h mklhcqb\hklv d bkdZ`_gbyf Ij_^\Zjbl_evgZy h[jZ[hl dZ qZklh \uihegy_lky k bkihevah\Zgb_f dexqZ . ^ey ih\ur_gby k_dj_lgh

klb \kljZb\Zgby >Ze__ P<A ©\deZ^u\Z_lkyª \ dhgl_cg_j gZijbf_j iml_f fh^bnbdZpbb feZ^rbo agZqZsbo [bl dhwnnbpb_glh\ Wlhl ijhp_kk \hafh `_g [eZ]h^Zjy hkh[_gghklyf kbkl_fu \hkijbylby q_eh\_dZ Ohjhrh ba\_kl gh qlh bah[jZ`_gby h[eZ^Zxl [hevrhc ikboh\bamZevghc ba[ulhqghklvx =eZa q_eh\_dZ ih^h[_g gbadhqZklhlghfm nbevljm ijhimkdZxs_fm f_edb_ ^_lZeb Hkh[_ggh g_aZf_lgu bkdZ`_gby \ \ukhdhqZklhlghc h[eZklb bah[jZ `_gbc Wlb hkh[_gghklb q_eh\_q_kdh]h aj_gby bkihevamxlky gZijbf_j ijb jZajZ[hld_ Ze]hjblfh\ k`Zlby bah[jZ`_gbc b \b^_h

Ijhp_kk \g_^j_gby P<A lZd`_ ^he`_g mqblu\Zlv k\hckl\Z kbkl_fu \hk ijbylby q_eh\_dZ Kl_]Zgh]jZnby bkihevam_l bf_xsmxky \ kb]gZeZo ikboh \bamZevgmx ba[ulhqghklv gh ^jm]bf q_f ijb k`Zlbb ^Zgguo h[jZahf Ijb\_^_f ijhklhc ijbf_j JZkkfhljbf ihemlhgh\h_ bah[jZ`_gb_ k ]jZ ^Zpbyfb k_jh]h lh _klv k m^_evghc kdhjhklvx dh^bjh\Zgby [bl ibdk_e Ohjhrh ba\_klgh qlh ]eZa q_eh\_dZ g_ kihkh[_g aZf_lblv baf_g_gb_ feZ^ r_]h agZqZs_]h [blZ ?s_ \ ]h^m [ue ihemq_g iZl_gl gZ kihkh[ kdjulh ]h \eh`_gby bgnhjfZpbb \ bah[jZ`_gb_ iml_f fh^bnbdZpbb feZ^r_]h agZ qZs_]h [blZ < ^Zgghf kemqZ_ ^_l_dlhj kl_]h ZgZebabjm_l lhevdh agZq_gb_ wlh]h [blZ ^ey dZ`^h]h ibdk_eZ Z ]eZa q_eh\_dZ gZijhlb\ \hkijbgbfZ_l lhevdh klZjrb_ [bl Wlhl f_lh^ ijhkl \ j_ZebaZpbb b wnn_dlb\_g gh g_ m^h\e_l\hjy_l g_dhlhjuf \Z`guf lj_[h\Zgbyf d P<A

< [hevrbgkl\_ kl_]hkbkl_f ^ey \g_^j_gby b \u^_e_gby P<A bkihevam_lky dexq Dexq fh`_l [ulv ij_^gZagZq_g ^ey madh]h djm]Z ebp beb `_ [ulv h[ s_^hklmiguf GZijbf_j dexq ^he`_g kh^_j`Zlvky \h \k_o'9'ie_c_jZo qlh[u hgb fh]eb ijhq_klv kh^_j`Zsb_ky gZ ^bkdZo P<A Bgh]^Z ih ZgZeh]bb k djbilh]jZnb_c kl_]hkbkl_fu ^_eyl gZ ^\Z deZkkZ k hldjuluf b k k_dj_l guf dexqhf GZ gZr \a]ey^ ZgZeh]by g_\_jgZ lZd dZd ihgylb_ hldjulh]h dexqZ \ ^Zgghf kemqZ_ \ dhjg_ jZaebqgh IjZ\bevguf \ujZ`_gb_f [ueh [u ©h[s_^hklmiguc dexqªijbq_f dexq \kljZb\Zgby kh\iZ^Z_l k dexqhf \u ^_e_gby G_ kms_kl\m_l gZkdhevdh ba\_klgh kl_]hkbkl_fu \ dhlhjhc [u ijb \u^_e_gbb P<A lj_[h\ZeZkv ^jm]Zy bgnhjfZpby q_f ijb _]h \eh`_gbb Ohly b g_ ^hdZaZgZ ]bihl_aZ h g_\hafh`ghklb kms_kl\h\Zgby ih^h[ghc kbkl_fu < kbkl_f_ k h[s_^hklmiguf dexqhf ^hklZlhqgh keh`gh ijhlb\hklhylv \ha fh`guf ZlZdZf kh klhjhgu aehmfure_ggbdh\ < kZfhf ^_e_ \ ^Zgghf kem qZ_ gZjmrbl_ex lhqgh ba\_klgu dexq b f_klhjZkiheh`_gb_ P<A Z lZd`_ _]h agZq_gb_

< kl_]h^_l_dlhj_ ijhbkoh^bl h[gZjm`_gb_ P<A \ \hafh`gh baf_g_g ghf aZsbs_gghf P<A bah[jZ`_gbb Wlh baf_g_gb_ fh`_l [ulv h[mkeh\e_ gh \ebygb_f hrb[hd \ dZgZe_ k\yab hi_jZpbc h[jZ[hldb kb]gZeZ ij_^gZf_ j_gguo ZlZd gZjmrbl_e_c <h fgh]bo fh^_eyo kl_]hkbkl_f kb]gZe dhgl_cg_j <uoh^ ^_l_dlhjZ jZkkfZljb\Z_lky dZd Z^^blb\guc rmf> @Lh]^Z aZ^ZqZ h[ gZjm`_gby b \u^_e_gby kl_]hkhh[s_gby y\ey_lky deZkkbq_kdhc ^ey l_hjbb k\yab H^gZdh lZdhc ih^oh^ g_ mqblu\Z_l ^\mo nZdlhjh\ g_kemqZcgh]h oZ

jZdl_jZ kb]gZeZ dhgl_cg_jZ b lj_[h\Zgbc ih khojZg_gbx _]h dZq_kl\Z Wlb fhf_glu g_ \klj_qZxlky \ ba\_klghc l_hjbb h[gZjm`_gby b \u^_e_gby kb] gZeh\ gZ nhg_ Z^^blb\gh]h rmfZ Bo mq_l iha\hebl ihkljhblv [he__ wnn_d lb\gu_ kl_]hkbkl_fu

JZaebqZxl kl_]h^_l_dlhju ij_^gZagZq_ggu_ ^ey h[gZjm`_gby gZebqby P<A b mkljhckl\Z ^ey \u^_e_gby wlh]h P<A kl_]h^_dh^_ju < i_j\hf kem qZ_ \hafh`gu ^_l_dlhju k `_kldbfb ^Z g_l beb fy]dbfb j_r_gbyfb >ey \ug_k_gby j_r_gby h gZebqbb hlkmlkl\bb P<A m^h[gh bkihevah\Zlv lZdb_ f_ju dZd jZkklhygb_ ih Owffbg]m eb[h \aZbfgmx dhjj_eypbx f_`^m bf_xsbfky kb]gZehf b hjb]bgZehf ijb gZebqbb ihke_^g_]h jZamf__lky

: qlh ^_eZlv _keb m gZk g_l bkoh^gh]h kb]gZeZ"Lh]^Z \ ^_eh \klmiZxl [he__ lhgdb_ klZlbklbq_kdb_ f_lh^u hkgh\Zggu_ gZ ihkljh_gbb fh^_e_c bkke_ ^m_fh]h deZkkZ kb]gZeh\

< aZ\bkbfhklb hl lh]h dZdZy bgnhjfZpby lj_[m_lky ^_l_dlhjm ^ey h[gZ jm`_gby P<A kl_]hkbkl_fu P<A ^_eylky gZ ljb deZkkZ hldjulu_ ihemaZ djulu_ b aZdjulu_ WlZ deZkkbnbdZpby ijb\_^_gZ \ lZ[e

LZ[ebpZ DeZkkbnbdZpby kbkl_f \kljZb\Zgby P<A

GZb[hevr__ ijbf_g_gb_ fh]ml bf_lv hldjulu_ kl_]hkbkl_fu P<A dhlh ju_ ZgZeh]bqgu kbkl_fZf kdjulhc i_j_^Zqb ^Zgguo GZb[hevrmx mklhcqb \hklv ih hlghr_gbx d \g_rgbf \ha^_ckl\byf bf_xl aZdjulu_ kl_]hkbkl_fu

,lbiZ

JZkkfhljbf ih^jh[g__ ihgylb_©dhgl_cg_jZª>h kl_]hdh^_jZ²wlh imk lhc dhgl_cg_j ihke_ g_]h²aZiheg_gguc dhgl_cg_j beb kl_]h Kl_]h ^he `_g [ulv \bamZevgh g_hlebqbf hl imklh]h dhgl_cg_jZ JZaebqZxl ^\Z hkgh\ guo lbiZ dhgl_cg_jh\ ihlhdh\uc b nbdkbjh\Zgguc

Ihlhdh\uc dhgl_cg_j ij_^klZ\ey_l kh[hc g_ij_ju\gh ke_^mxsmx ih ke_^h\Zl_evghklv [bl Khh[s_gb_ \deZ^u\Z_lky \ g_]h \ j_Zevghf fZkrlZ[_ \j_f_gb lZd qlh \ dh^_j_ g_ba\_klgh aZjZg__ o\Zlbl eb jZaf_jh\ dhgl_cg_jZ ^ey i_j_^Zqb \k_]h khh[s_gby < h^bg dhgl_cg_j [hevrh]h jZaf_jZ fh`_l [ulv \kljh_gh b g_kdhevdh khh[s_gbc Bgl_j\Zeu f_`^m \kljZb\Z_fufb [blZfb hij_^_eyxlky ]_g_jZlhjhf ik_\^hkemqZcghc ihke_^h\Zl_evghklb k