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3) Spelling:

4) Grammar:

1.American English often uses the past where British English uses the present perfect.

U.S. — Did you eat yet? G.B. — Have you eaten yet?

2.American English sometimes uses the verb 'to have' differently from British English.

4. There are lots of small differences in the use of prepositions.

For example ...

1.The two varieties of the English language are very … to each other.

2.At the same time they have … differences in grammar, spelling, vocabulary and … .

3.These differences … during the isolation of America from Great Britain in the 18th century.

4.The United States of America had long been the … … of the world.

5.Those people adopted the English language, and the very flexible English language took a lot of … in grammar, spelling, pronunciation and, of course, … from them.

6.The Americans produced a new vocabulary which … the other non-English countries.

7.The English language has become an international language having the elements of … British English and American English.

8.Though British English and American English have common …, there are a number of … in the two varieties of the English language.

Ex. 5. Match the American English words on the left with the British English equivalents on the right

Ex. 6. Change these sentences into British English

1.Can you go to the drugstore, honey? We need some diapers for the baby and a band-aid for my finger.

2.Last fall, I was driving along a freeway when I ran out of gas. Luckily, a truck driver gave me a ride.

3.Our apartment is quite near the subway station.

4.It's my turn to pay the check. Pass me my purse; I've got a $20 bill in it.

5.Cookies and candy are bad for our teeth.

6.Nothing works round here! Not only is the elevator broken but so is the faucet in the bathroom.

Ex. 7. Translate into American English.

A). У тебя есть собственная машина? B). В отпуск мы поедем к морю.

C). В нашем доме на первом этаже кухня, столовая и гостиная. D). Не говори с ним сейчас. Он очень зол на тебя.

E). Я люблю ходить в кино.

F). Мой брат не ходил сегодня в школу. Он болеет.

G). Обычно я езжу на работу на трамвае, а вот мой брат предпочитает брать такси.

H). Я живу в общежитии.

I). Я думаю, что этот магазин очень хороший.

J). Когда я был в одиннадцатом классе, каждый день по расписанию у нас было шесть уроков.

Ex. 8. Answer the question.

1.What differences do British and American English have in?

2.Why did these differences appear?

3.What do American vocabulary reflect?

4.Why was British English influenced by Americanisms?

5.What opinions do linguists have about the development of British and American English? What opinion do you agree with? Why?

INTERNATIONAL ENGLISH

Ex. 1. Read and translate the text.

Millions of people are learning English. One billion people speak English. That's 20% of the world's population. 400 mln people speak English as their first language. For the other 600 mln it's either a second language or a foreign language.

In other countries it is used as a second language: it is a way in which people who have different languages communicate with each other. This is especially true in many parts of Africa and India. In these countries and former British colonies like Malta and Hong Kong, as well as some countries like the Philippines and Papua New Guinea, English is an 'official language'.

Why? Because it's the most important international language in the world. But how did it become so important?

The export of English began in the Elizabethan Age' (1558-1603) due to Sir Francais Drake and Sir Walter Raleigh who brought England a lot of land, money and power and who spread English to the new world and the West Indies. The English language went also to Australia with Captain Cook (1770).

In 1620 "Mayflower" sailed to America, in the next 30 years more than 250,000 people from all over Britain followed the pioneers.

Between 1800 and 1900 Britain became the richest country in the world and the most powerful. The British Empire included many foreign countries like New Zealand, Nigeria, India, Canada, South Africa; English was an important language on every continent. At the same time the USA and its language — both grew very quickly in the 19 century.

English is the language of summit meetings and the UNO. English is also becoming increasingly the language of international trade: nearly 50% of all the companies in Europe communicate with each other in English. 75% of all international telexes and letters are in English. 80% of all information in the world's computers is in English. Pop singers writing their songs often use lyrics or phrases in English. America and Britain export 1000s of films and TV programmres every year. The International Olympic Committee meets in Lausanne, the official language of all the meeting is English. Now English words have started to become a part of other languages, too. In France, this new vocabulary is called "Franglais" (the mixture of English and French words); in Spain – Spanglish, in Japan – Japlish, in Sweden – Swinglish. So, English is slowly becoming more than one language. English is changing in many countries of the Third World – which were once a part of the British Empire – now they're independent. For example in Jamaica. There are 2 kinds of English in this West Indian island. One is standard – the language of the government and newspapers and the other is Creole – the day-today language of the people.

In Sierra Leone they speak Krio — 80% of the words in the Krio dictionary come from English. In India you can hear 3 languages: Hindi, Indian English and the local Indian language.

So, English is becoming more than one language, but it doesn't mean the end of standard English and the stronger position of local dialects in the future.

People need standard English for international communication.

Ex. 2. Expand the statements.

1.One billion people speak English.

2.In many countries English is used as a second language.

3.The export of English began in the Elizabethan Age.

4.In 1620 "Mayflower" sailed to America.

5.The British Empire included many countries.

6.English is the language of international trade.

7.English words have to become a part of other languages.

8.English is changing in many countries of the Third World.